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RRCCPA Clinical Medicine I > Antibiotics (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Antibiotics (Exam 2) Flashcards

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1
Q

All Beta Lactams

A

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Monobactams

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2
Q

All Penicillins

A

Beta-lactam

Cover Gram(+), anaerobes, some Gram (-)
Non-MRSA coverage

Amoxicillin (oral)
Ampicillin (IV)
Penicillin (Various)

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3
Q

All Cephalosporins

1st Generation

A

Beta-Lactam

Gram (+) for non-MRSA staph and strep

Cefadroxil
Cephalexin (Keflex)
Cefazolin (Ancef)

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4
Q

Amoxicillin

A

Beta-lactam - Penicillins

Cover for Gram (+) non-MRSA
Given Orally

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5
Q

Ampicillin

A

Beta-Lactam - Penicillins

Cover for Gram (+) non-MRSA
Given IV

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6
Q

Penicillin

A

Beta-Lactam - Penicillins

Cover for Gram (+) non-MRSA
Admin varies

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7
Q

Cefadroxil

A

Beta-lactam - Cephalosporin 1st Generation

Covers Gram (+) non-MRSA staph and strep

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8
Q

Cephalexin (Keflex)

A

Beta-Lactam - Cephalosporin 1st generation

Covers Gram (+) non-MRSA staph and strep
Given orally
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9
Q

Cefazolin (Ancef)

A

Beta-Lactam - Cephalosporin 1st generation

Covers Gram (+) non-MRSA staph and strep
Given IV
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10
Q

All Cephalosporins

2nd Generation

A 
Beta-lactam
More Gram (-) coverage (respiratory infections)

cefaclor
cefoxitin
cefprozil
cefuroxime

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11
Q

Cefaclor

A

Beta-lactam - Cephalosporin 2nd Generation

More gram (–) coverage (resp infections)

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12
Q

cefoxitin

A

Beta-lactam - Cephalosporin 2nd Generation

More gram (–) coverage (resp infections)

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13
Q

cefprozil

A

Beta-lactam - Cephalosporin 2nd Generation

More gram (–) coverage (resp infections)

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14
Q

cefuroxime

A

Beta-lactam - Cephalosporin 2nd Generation

More gram (–) coverage (resp infections)

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15
Q

All Cephalosporins

3rd Generation

A 
Beta-Lactams
More Gram (--), less Gram (+) coverage

cefdinir
cefixime
cefpodoxime 
ceftibuten (Cedax)
ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
cefotaxime (Claforan)
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16
Q

cefdinir

A

Beta-Lactams - Cephalosporin 3rd Generation

More Gram (–), less Gram (+) coverage

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17
Q

cefixime

A

Beta-Lactams - Cephalosporin 3rd Generation

More Gram (–), less Gram (+) coverage

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18
Q

cefpodoxime

A

Beta-Lactams - Cephalosporin 3rd Generation

More Gram (–), less Gram (+) coverage

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19
Q

ceftibuten (Cedax)

A

Beta-Lactams - Cephalosporin 3rd Generation

More Gram (–), less Gram (+) coverage

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20
Q

ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

A

Beta-Lactams - Cephalosporin 3rd Generation

More Gram (–), less Gram (+) coverage
Crosses BBB - Given IV, IM
NO LONGER COVERS PSEUDOMONAS

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21
Q

cefotaxime

A

Beta-Lactams - Cephalosporin 3rd Generation

More Gram (–), less Gram (+) coverage

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22
Q

Cefepime (Maxipime)

A

Beta Lactam -Cephalosporins 4th Generation

pseudomonal actvity, good Gram (+) coverage

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23
Q

ceftaroline (Teflaro)

A

Beta Lactam -Cephalosporins New Generation

Very Broad spectrum
MRSA coverage
NO pseudomonas coverage

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24
Q

All Carbapenems

A

Beta-lactams
Broadspectrum
Gram (–), some Gram (+)
Given IV only

doripenem (Doribax)
ertapenem (Invanz)
imipenem
meropenem

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25
doripenem
Beta-lactam - Carbapenems Gram (--), some Gram (+), anerobe Intra-abdominal infections and VAP (vent associated pneumonia) Covers pseudomonas
26
ertapenem (Invanz)
Beta-lactam - Carbapenems Gram (--), some Gram (+), anaerobe Intra-abdominal infections, skin and soft tissue NO pseudomonas coverage
27
imipenem
Beta-lactam - Carbapenems | Gram (--), some Gram (+), anaerobe
28
meropenem
Beta-lactam - Carbapenems Gram (--), some Gram (+), anaerobe
29
aztreonam
Beta-lactam - Monobactams Gram (--) and pseudomonas
30
All Beta lactam inhibitors
Broad spectrum Protect from Beta-lactamase amoxicillin / clavulanic acid (Augmentin) piperacillin / tazobactam (Zysyn) ampicillin / sulbactam (Unasyn)
31
amoxicillin / clavulanic acid (Augmentin)
Broad spectrum Protect from Beta-lactamase NO pseudomonas activity
32
piperacillin / tazobactam (Zysyn)
Broad spectrum Protect from Beta-lactamase Pseudomonal activity
33
ampicillin / sulbactam (Unasyn)
Broad spectrum Protect from Beta-lactamase NO pseudomonas activity
34
``` What class of antibiotic are: Fluoroquinolones ```
Non Beta Lactams
35
``` What class of antibiotic are: Macrolides ```
Non Beta Lactams
36
``` What class of antibiotic are: Sulfas ```
Non Beta Lactams
37
``` What class of antibiotic are: Aminoglycosides ```
Non Beta Lactams
38
``` What class of antibiotic are: Lincosamide ```
Non Beta Lactams
39
``` What class of antibiotic are: Glycopeptide ```
Non Beta Lactams
40
``` What class of antibiotic are: Tetracyclines ```
Non Beta Lactams
41
``` What class of antibiotic are: Glycylcyclines ```
Non Beta Lactams
42
``` What class of antibiotic are: Oxazolidinones ```
Non Beta Lactams
43
``` What class of antibiotic are: Lipopeptides ```
Non Beta Lactams
44
``` What class of antibiotic are: Nitroimidazoles ```
Non Beta Lactams
45
``` What class of antibiotic are: Penicillins ```
Beta Lactams
46
``` What class of antibiotic are: Cephalosporins ```
Beta Lactams
47
``` What class of antibiotic are: Carbapenems ```
Beta Lactams
48
Monobactams
Beta Lactams
49
Ciprofloxacin
Non Beta Lactam - Fluoroquinolones (broad spec) Cover Gram (--) and (+), pseudomonas Non-respiratory Good for urinary tract infections
50
levofloxacin (Levaquin)
Non Beta Lactam - Fluoroquinolones (broad spec) Cover Gram (--) and (+), pseudomonas, good respiratory penetration
51
moxifloxacin (Avelox)
Non Beta Lactam - Fluoroquinolones (broad spec) Cover Gram (--) and (+), pseudomonas, good respiratory penetration
52
erythromycin
Non Beta Lactam - Macrolides Atypical pneumonia coverage, Some Gram (+) H. Influenza, mycoplasma, pertussis
53
azithromycin (Zpak, Zmax)
Non Beta Lactam - Macrolides Atypical pneumonia coverage, Some Gram (+) H. Influenza, mycoplasma, pertussis Fallen out of favor due to GI side effects and QT prolongationfc
54
clarithromycin (Biaxin, Biaxin XL)
Non Beta Lactam - Macrolides Atypical pneumonia coverage, Some Gram (+) H. Influenza, mycoplasma, pertussis
55
Sulfa drugs
Gram (-) and MRSA coverage trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
56
All Aminoglycosides
Gram (-), anti Pseudomonal activity IV only - not used much b/c can be toxic gentamicin tobramycin amikacin
57
gentamicin
Non Beta lactam - Aminoglycosides Gram (-), some gram (+) Good for Strep
58
tobramycin
Non Beta lactam - Aminoglycosides Gram (-) inhaled form for Cystic fibrosis
59
amikacin
Non Beta lactam - Aminoglycosides | Gram (-)
60
Clindamycin
Non Beta lactam - Lincosamide Gram (+) and anaerobic (above diaphragm) Some MRSA coverage Dental infection
61
vancomycin
``` Non Beta lactam - Glycopeptide Gram (+), MRSA Oral and IV Oral does not get systemically absorbed (does not treat skin/soft tissue infection) C-diff ```
62
All Tetracyclines
Gram (+), MRSA Skin and some resp/sinus, soft tissue , insect born infections tetracycline doxycycline minocycline
63
tetracycline
Non beta lactam - Tetracyclines | Gram (+), MRSA
64
doxycycline
Non beta lactam - Tetracyclines | Gram (+), MRSA
65
minocycline
Non beta lactam - Tetracyclines | Gram (+), MRSA
66
Tigecycline (Tygacil)
Non beta lactam - Glycycline Broad spectrum, MRSA NO pseudomonas or proteus IV only
67
Oxazolidinones
Non beta lactam Gram (+), MRSA, VRE coverage (vancomycin resistant enterococci) Can cause serotonin syndrome if given c SSRIs linezolid (Zyvox) tedizolid (Sivextro)
68
daptomycin (Cubicin)
Non beta lactam - Lipopeptide Gram (+), MRSA, VRE (no lung penetration)
69
dalbavancin (Dalvance)
Non beta lactam - Lipoglycopeptide Gram (+), MRSA IV only, 1 dose every 2 weeks
70
oritavancin (Orbactiv)
Non beta lactam - Lipoglycopeptide Gram (+), MRSA IV only, 1 dose every 2 weeks
71
metronidazole (Flagil)
non beta lactam - Nitroimidazole Anaerobic coverage below diaphragm Protozoal infections
72
tinidazole (Tindamax)
non beta lactam - Nitroimidazole Anaerobic coverage below diaphragm Protozoal infections Oral only
73
Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)
Broad spectrum | Urinary tract infections
74
1st gen Cephalosporins
Cefadroxil Cephalexin(Keflex) Cefazolin
75
2nd gen Cephalosporin (2 lungs for 2 gen: good for respiratory infections)
Cefalcor Cefoxitin Cefprozil Cefuroxime
76
3rd gen cephalosporins (good strep pneumo)
``` Cefdinir (dinner is 3rd meal of the day) Ceftriaxone (tri=3) Ceftibuten Cefpodoxime Cefixime Cefotaxime ```
77
4th gen cephalosporin (pseudomonas coverage)
Cefepime (Maxipime)
78
5th gen cephalosporin (MRSA coverage)
Ceftaroline Think “sweet” Caroline, sweet has 5 letters
79
5th gen cephalosporin (MRSA coverage)
Ceftaroline Think “sweet” Caroline, sweet has 5 letters
80
4th gen cephalosporin (pseudomonas coverage)
Cefepime (Maxipime)
81
3rd gen cephalosporins (good strep pneumo)
``` Cefdinir (dinner is 3rd meal of the day) Ceftriaxone (tri=3) Ceftibuten Cefpodoxime Cefixime Cefotaxime ```
82
2nd gen Cephalosporin (2 lungs for 2 gen: good for respiratory infections)
Cefalcor Cefoxitin Cefprozil Cefuroxime
83
1st gen Cephalosporins
Cefadroxil Cephalexin(Keflex) Cefazolin
84
Carbapenems (carbs get digested in the abdomen—good for intraabdominal infections)
Doripenem Ertapenem Imipenem Meropenem All cover for Pseudomonas except ertapenem Very broad spectrum gram +/-
85
Monobactams (there’s only 1 and it covers for pseudomonas)
Aztreonam (gram neg only) Pseudomonas is gram neg, so gram positive Abx usually don’t cover, except for 4th gen cephalosporin Cefepime (Maxipime)
86
Which of the three beta-lactamase inhibitor Abx covers for pseudomonas? A. Augmentin (amoxicillin+clavulanic acid) B. Unasyn (ampicillin+sulbactam) C. Zosyn (piperacillin+tazobactam)
Zosyn (piperacillin+tazobactam)
87
Fluoroquinolones end in what suffix?
-floxacin
88
T/F Fluoroquinolones have the same bioavailability IV or PO
True
89
T/F Fluoroquinolones are ver broad spectrum.
True
90
T/F Fluoroquinolones have good respiratory penetration
True
91
What 2 fluoroquinolones cover for pseudomonas A. Ciprofloxacin B. Levofloxacin C. Moxifloxacin
Cipro, Levofloxacin
92
What type of Abx are good for “atypical pneumonia coverage” and name all 3?
Macrolides: Erythromycin Azithromycin Clarithromycin
93
Which of the macrolides has increased GI motility N/V/D and has fallen out of favor?
Erythromycin
94
Do sulfas cover for gram neg or pos?
Gram neg
95
Do sulfas cover for MRSA?
Yes
96
Name the 3 aminoglycosides (GTA)
Gentamicin Tobramycin Amikacin
97
Do all 3 aminoglycosides cover for pseudomonas?
Yes
98
Aminoglycosides are associated with what type of toxicity?
Ototoxicity
99
Lincosamide for Gram + staph/strep, some MRSA, good for anaerobes dental bugs
Clindamycin
100
Glycopeptide that covers gram + and MRSA, and only oral for C diff
Vancomycin
101
Name the 3 tetracyclines (TDM)
Tetracycline Doxycycline Minocycline
102
good for tick/insect diseases
Tetracyclines (TDM)
103
T/F tetracyclines cover for MRSA
True
104
IV only glycylcycline that is broad spectrum and treats MRSA (starts with a T)
Tigecycline (Tygacil)
105
Name the two oxazolidinones (LT)
linezolid | Tedizolid
106
What category of Abx carry risk if given to a pt who takes SSRI’s?
Oxazolidinones
107
What two categories of Abx cover for both MRSA and VRE?
Oxazalidinones (LT) | Lipopeptide (daptomycin)
108
Name the lipopeptide (only 1) that covers gram +, MRSA, and VRE
Daptomycin
109
name the 2 Lipoglycopeptides that covers gram + and MRSA (DO)
Dalbavancin | Oritavancin
110
What Abx type covers anaerobic coverage below diaphragm?
Nitroimidazoles
111
Name the 3 nitroimidazoles (MTN)
Metronidazole Tinidazole Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)

RRCCPA Clinical Medicine I (49 decks)

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