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RRCCPA Clinical Medicine I > Blood -Schoenwald > Flashcards

Blood -Schoenwald Flashcards

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1
Q

Sensitivity

A

Ability of a test to identify positive results in pts who actually have a disease. Higher the sensitivity the lower the chance of a false negative

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2
Q

Specificity

A

Assesses the portion of true negatives. If a test is positive it is highly likely that a person has a disease. The lower the specficity the higher the chance for a false positive.

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3
Q

White blood cell normal range

A

4,000- 10,500

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4
Q

Causes of an increase in WBC

A

inflammation, bacterial infection, leukemia, and some meds.

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5
Q

Causes of a decrease in WBC

A

some viral infections, chemotherapy, and bone marrow suppression.

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6
Q

Margination of granulocytes

A

when they are not actively working. they will go into cell walls until they are needed again

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7
Q

Left shift

A

when there are more than 8-10% increase in the number of bands present

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8
Q

What can cause hypersegmentation

A

vitamin B12 deficiency, folic acid deficiency

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9
Q

Six causes of Neutrophilia

A

Bacterial infection, some viral , stress, inflammatory disease, metabolic disorders, drugs

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10
Q

Five causes of Neutropenia

A

Bacterial infection, Viral infection, hypersplenism, chemo, lupus

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11
Q

Bacterial infections that cause neutropenia

A

Typhoid, tularemia, brucellosis

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12
Q

Viral causes of Neurtopenia

A

Hepatitis , influ, enza, measles, mumps, rubella, mono

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13
Q

Bacterial causes of lymphocytosis

A

pertusis, brucellosis

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14
Q

Viral cause of lymphocytosis

A

hepatitis, mono, mumps. CMV

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15
Q

Metabolic causes of lymphocytosis

A

hyperadrenalism, hyperthroidism

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16
Q

Chronic inflammatory causes of lymphocytosis

A

Ulcerative colitis, serum sickness, ITP

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17
Q

Immonodeficiency causes lymphocytopenia

A

HIV, congenital defects of cell mediated immunity, immunosuppressive medications

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18
Q

illness that cause lymphocytopenia

A

CHF, renal failure, advanced TB

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19
Q

Adrenal corticosteroid exposure causes of lymphocytopenia

A

predisone, ACTH producing pituitary hormones, adrenal gland hyperactivity

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20
Q

infections that cause Monocytosis

A

TB, bacterial endocarditis, hepatitis, syphilis

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21
Q

Granulomatous diseases that cause monocytosis

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A

Sarcoid, ulcerative colitis

22
Q

collagen vascular diseases that cause monocytosis

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A

Lupus, RA, Polyarteritis

23
Q

What does MCV measure

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A

size of the average RBC. Mean corpuscular volume

24
Q

What does MCHC measure

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A

average concentration of hgb in RBC

25
What does MCH measure
measure of the weight of hgb in RBC
26
What does RDW measure
Red cell distribution, indicated variation of size of RBC.
27
What would a high RDW indicate?
multiple populations of cells. possibly a transfusion or a result of cancer
28
Ferratin
Major iron storage protein
29
Reticulocytes
immature red blood cells. It is used to determine bone marrow function and eval of erythropoietic activity.
30
Microcytic hypochromic anemia
iron deficiency, thalessemia, anemia of chronic disease, sideroblastic
31
iron deficiency anemia causes
loss of blood, insufficient dietary intake, pregnancy, malabsorption
32
What are you concerned for in a patient who is over 65 and has iron deficiency anemia?
Colon cancer
33
Normocytic normochromic anemia
Anemia of chronic disease, ferratin is usaully increased, IDA is decreased
34
Macrocytic anemia
B12 deficiency, and/or folic acid deficiency
35
Hemolytic anemia
anemia due to breakdown of RBC. etiology is varied
36
etiology of hemolytic anemia
blood disorders, hemoglobinopathies, autoimmune, hemolytic uremic syndrome, medications
37
Lab findings of hemolytic anemia
decreased RBC, Decreased hepatoglobin, increased LDH, increased potassium
38
anisocytosis
variation in size (1+, 2+, 3+, 4+)
39
poikilocytosis
variation in shape
40
spherocytes
no central pallor
41
schistocytosis
cell fragments- intravascular or mechanical trauma
42
stomatocytosis
liver disease
43
basophilic stippling
lead poisoning and megaloblastic anemia and thalassemia
44
Howell jolly bodies
Splenectomy, hemolysis, blue bodies
45
Heinz bodies
splenectomy and G6PD deficiency
46
How to eval anemia
CBC, reticulocyte count, haptoglobin, iron studies, ferritin, B12/ folic acid levels, TSH, colonoscopy
47
Causes of thrombocytopenia
autoimmune ITP, Bone marrow supression, DIC, artifact (EDTA present in lab tube), heparin
48
Causes of Thrombocytosis
Myeloproliferative disorders, infection, malignancy, iron deficiency
49
Acute phase reactants
ESR, CRP, Plt, ferritin
50
inverted differential
present with mono

RRCCPA Clinical Medicine I (49 decks)

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