Antibiotics Inhibiting Bacterial Protein Synthesis

Question 1

Which group of antibiotics inhibit 30S

Answer 1

GTA
Aminoglycosides
Tetracycline
Glycyclines

Question 2

Antibiotics that inhibit 50S

Answer 2

Macrolides
lincosamides(clindamycin)
Oxazolidinones

Question 3

List the aminoglycosides drugs

Answer 3

Gentamycin 
Neomycin 
Streptomycin
Amikacin
Tabramycin

Question 4

Which of the aminoglycosides is fecally eliminated and parenteral

Answer 4

Neomycin

Question 5

Which aminoglycosides is given for pseudomonas

Answer 5

Tobramycin

Question 6

Aminoglycosides mechanism of action

Answer 6

Inhibits 30S ribosomes irreversibly —> bacteriocidal

Question 7

Aminoglycosides clinical uses

Answer 7

Used for severe aerobic gram negative Rods

Can be given with B lactamases for + coccal infections also for tularemia

Question 8

What is used prior to bowl surgery

Answer 8

Neomycin

Question 9

Aminoglycosides adverse effects

Answer 9

Teratogenic, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity and neuromuscular blockade

Question 10

Aminoglycosides contraindications

Answer 10

Myasthenia gravis, renal disease and allergy (cataract dermatitis)

Question 11

List the tetracycline drugs

Answer 11

Tetracycline and doxycycline

Question 12

Tetracycline mechanism of action

Answer 12

Binds to 30S and is bacteriostatic

Question 13

Are Tetracycline taken on an empty stomach

Answer 13

Yes they are

Question 14

How is doxycycline eliminated and when is it taken

Answer 14

It is fecally eliminated so can be used in renal failure

Question 15

What should not be taken with tetracyclines

Answer 15

Milk, antacids (Ca2+ or Mg2+ or Fe2+)

Question 16

Tetracycline clinical use

Answer 16

Used in Lyme disease, rickettsia. 
Treat acne 
Atypical 
Peptic ulcer disease 
Cholera

Question 17

What happens if tetracyclines are taken for in pregnant women

Answer 17

It’s Teratogenic so —> deformity, discolouration or teeth and decrease in bone growth in children

Question 18

Tetracycline adverse effects

Answer 18

Phototoxicity, hepatotoxicity, calcification vestibular dysfunction only

Question 19

List the macrolides drugs

Answer 19

Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin

Question 20

Which macrolides inhibit P450

Answer 20

Erythromycin and clarithromycin

Question 21

Which macrolide has the longest half life

Answer 21

Azithromycin

Question 22

Which macrolide is an alternative to penicillin G

Answer 22

Erythromycin

Question 23

Macrolides clinical uses

Answer 23

Used in atypical pneumonia, gram positive cocci and B pertussis

Question 24

Macrolides mechanism of action

Answer 24

Inhibits 50 S bacteriostatic

Question 25

Macrolides adverse effects

Answer 25

Cholestatic jaundice, prolonged QT interval and epigastric distress, ototoxicity and increased intestinal motility (can be used for ileus)

Question 26

Clindamycin mechanism of action

Answer 26

Inhibits 50S bacteriostatic

Question 27

Clindamycin clinical uses

Answer 27

Used in anaerobic infections above the diaphragm

Question 28

Clindamycin adverse effects

Answer 28

Pseudomembranous colitis—> watery diarrhea, C. Difficile toxin in stool

Question 29

Chloramphenicol mechanism of action

Answer 29

Binds to 50S Bacteriostatic

Question 30

Chloramphenicol adverse effects

Answer 30

Grey baby syndrome, aplastic anaemia and anemia

Question 31

Linezolid mechanism of action

Answer 31

Binds to 50S bacteriostatic

Question 32

Linezolid clinical uses

Answer 32

- Has gram positive activity against resistant species - choice of last resort for VRE (vancomycin resistant enterococcus) - active against tuberculosis

Question 33

Linezolid adverse effects

Answer 33

Serotonin syndrome, bone marrow suppression -> thrombocytopenia

Question 34

Which macrolide has a better gram positive coverage

Answer 34

Erythromycin

Question 35

Which macrolide has a better respiratory coverage and gram negative coverage

Answer 35

Azithromycin

Question 36

Are macrolides teratognic

Answer 36

No they are safe in pregnancy

Question 37

Aminoglycosides are usually used against gram negative aerobes how can they be used against gram positive

Answer 37

Gentamicin can be used synergistically with B lactamases for gram + aerobes (enterococci)

Question 38

Nitrofurantoin indication

Answer 38

First line for uncomplicated cystitis ( while fosfomycin is first line for acute cystitis

Question 39

Nitrofurantoin mechanism of action

Answer 39

Inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis

Question 40

What in nitrofurantoin reduces GI toxicity

Answer 40

Microcrystalline formulation

Question 41

Nitrofurantoin adverse effects

Answer 41

Neuropathy, pulmonary fibrosis and AIH(auto immune hepatitis)

Question 42

Nitrofurantoin contraindications

Answer 42

Renal impairment