Anxiolytics And Hyponotics

Question 1

What are anxiolytic drugs

Answer 1

Benzodiazepines

Question 2

Benzodiazepines mechanism of action

Answer 2

Benzodiazepines act on the site between alpha and gamma that facilitate GABA-A binding and increase in frequency of Cl- channels opening

Question 3

What is GABA

Answer 3

main inhibitor transmitter in the brain

Question 4

Whats the difference between GABA A and B

Answer 4

A - occurs post synapticalky coupled to cl ions

B - G protein coupled receptor

Question 5

only drug that acts on GABA B

Answer 5

Baclofen

Question 6

List benzodiazepines

Answer 6

End with lam and Pam, have diaze in them
Alprozalam
Chlordiazepoxide
Diazepam
Lorazepam
Midozolam
Cholnazepam

Question 7

What are the subtypes of GABA A

Answer 7

Alpha1 GABA A - hypnotic

Alpha2 GABA A - anxiolytics (muscle relaxant

Question 8

All benzodiazepines act on a1 what can that cause

Answer 8

Sedation

Question 9

Duration of action of benzodiazepines

Answer 9

3-8hrs short acting
8-24hr medium acting
>24hrs long acting

Question 10

Long acting benzodiazepines

Answer 10

Diazepam, chlordiazepoxide

Question 11

Medium acting benzodiazepines

Answer 11

Lorazepam

Question 12

Short acting benzodiazepines

Answer 12

Midozalam and Alprazolam

Question 13

Which benzodiazepines are used for skeletal muscle spasm

Answer 13

Diazepam

Question 14

Which benzodiazepines are used for alcohol withdrawal

Answer 14

Diazepam

Question 15

Which benzodiazepines are used for anaesthesia

Answer 15

Midozalam

Question 16

Which benzodiazepines are used for sleep disorders

Answer 16

Midozalam

Question 17

Which benzodiazepines are used for anxiety

Answer 17

Diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, lorazepam and alprazolam

Question 18

Which benzodiazepines are used for seizures

Answer 18

Diazepam, lorazepam and clonazepam

Question 19

What is status epilepticus

Answer 19

Life threatening condition where the brain is in a state of presistant seizures

Question 20

Benzodiazepines toxicity from overdosage

Answer 20

CNS and RESPIRATORY depression

Question 21

Benzodiazepines side effects

Answer 21

Amnesia, anterograde amnesia, Slurred speech, interferes with driving and psychomotor skills

Question 22

Can benzodiazepines be given to pregnant women

Answer 22

No it’s Teratogenic

Question 23

What can you develop with benzodiazepines

Answer 23

Tolerance and dependence

Question 24

Benzodiazepines antidote

Answer 24

Flumazenil - reverses CNS depression

Question 25

Which benzodiazepine is used for insomnia

Answer 25

Flunitrazepam

Question 26

Which diazepams are advised for the elderly

Answer 26

Short acting

Question 27

Contraindications to take with benzodiazepines

Answer 27

Alcohol

Question 28

How to stop giving benzodiazepines

Answer 28

Dose reduction should be gradual when taking off medication

Question 29

What is used for chronic anxiety

Answer 29

Buspiron

Question 30

What is buspiron

Answer 30

Partial agonist of 5-HTa receptor

Question 31

How long does buspiron take to start working

Answer 31

It takes days to weeks to produce effect in men

Question 32

Which antihistamines are used as anxyolytics

Answer 32

Hydroxyzine and promethazine

Question 33

Beta blockers used for anxiety- specially stage fright

Answer 33

Propanolol and atenolol

Question 34

When shouldn’t hypnotics be used

Answer 34

Shouldn’t be used before driving machinary or activity

Question 35

Insomnia definition

Answer 35

Difficulty initiating sleep, maintaining sleep and sleep disturbances at least 3 times a week

Question 36

Which benzodiazepine is used for insomnia

Answer 36

Midozalam

Question 37

Which antidepressants have hypnotic effects could be used for insomnia

Answer 37

Doxepin - most sedative antidepressant Trazadon Mirtazapine - blocks H1

Question 38

What herb is used as a hypnotic

Answer 38

Valerian herb

Question 39

List non benzodiazepines hypnotic drugs

Answer 39

``` Z agents Zopiclone Zolpidem Eszopiclone Zaleplon ```

Question 40

Which from the Z agents have short half life

Answer 40

Z agents Zopiclone Zolpidem Eszopiclone

Question 41

Which from the Z agents have ultra short half life

Answer 41

Zaleplon

Question 42

What do the Z agents act on and what can they cause

Answer 42

They act on a1 GABA A receptor and can cause tolerance and dependence

Question 43

What is used to regulate jet lag and artificial jet lag syndrome

Answer 43

Melatonin hormones | Agonists of MT1 and MT2 of melatonin receptors

Question 44

List the melatonin hormones

Answer 44

Ramelteon- increases prolactin level Tasimelton- abnormal dreams Agomelatine

Question 45

What is suvorexant

Answer 45

Antagonist at orexin receptors

Question 46

What is orexin

Answer 46

Neuropeptide promoting wakefulness

Question 47

Suvorexant side effects

Answer 47

Signs of narcolepsy and cataplexy and increase suicidal ideation

Question 48

What are z agents metabolised by

Answer 48

P450

Question 49

What can Z agents cause

Answer 49

Anterograde amnesia

Question 50

What happens when we mix | Phenobarbital/benzodiazepines with alcohol

Answer 50

Induces respiratory depression