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Y2 Revision Points > Antibiotics/Microbiology > Flashcards

Antibiotics/Microbiology Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q 
Penicillins/Cephalosporins
Mechanism
Bactericidal/static
Names
Uses
Coverage
Excretion
A

Prevent peptidoglycan cross linking and activate autolysins
Bactericidal
Penicillin (tonsillitis), amoxicillin (AOM), flucloxacillin (S. aureus), ceftriaxone (epiglottitis, meningitis), ceftazidime (pseudomonas)
Gram positive, some negative cover
Excreted by kidney

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2
Q 
Glycopeptides
Mechanism
Bactericidal/static
Names
Uses
Coverage
Excretion
A

Bind to PG precursors so that they cannot be cross-linked
Bactericidal
Vancomycin (mild C.diff colitis), teicoplanin
Gram positive only
Excreted by kidneys

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3
Q 
Macrolides
Mechanism
Bactericidal/static
Names
Uses
Coverage
Excretion
A

Bind to ribosomes to prevent peptide bone formation
Bacteristatic
Erythromycin (legionella), azithromycin, clarythromycin
Bacteria without a proper cell wall (chlamydia, mycoplasma)
Excreted by liver

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4
Q 
Aminoglycosides
Mechanism
Bactericidal/static
Names
Uses
Coverage
Excretion
Side effects
A

Cause mRNA codon misreading to produce faulty proteins
Bactericidal
Gentamicin
Gram negative aerobes - coliforms, pseudomonas
Excreted by kidney
Nephrotoxic (acute tubular necrosis), CNVIII damage

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5
Q 
Tetracycline
Mechanism
Bactericidal/static
Names
Uses
Coverage
Excretion
A

Attach to ribosomes and prevent protein synthesis
Bacteristatic
Doxycycline
Bacteria without a proper cell wall (atypical pneumonia), penicillin allergy
Excreted by liver

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6
Q 
Metronidazole
Mechanism
Bactericidal/static
Names
Uses
Coverage
A

Causes DNA strand breakage
Bactericidal
Metronidazole
Anaerobes (C.diff, bacteriodes)

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7
Q 
Trimethoprim
Mechanism
Names
Uses
Coverage
Excretion
Side effects
A

Inhibits folic acid synthesis
Trimethoprim, co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim + sulphamethoxazolic acid)
Gram negative (UTI) and some gram positive coverage
Excreted in urine
Contraindicated in first trimester of pregnancy

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8
Q 
Fluoroquinolones
Mechanism
Bactericidal/static
Names
Uses
Coverage
Excretion
A 
Prevent DNA coiling
Bactericidal
Levofloxacin (severe CAP if penicillin allergic), ciprofloxacin (complicated UTI)
Broad spectrum
Excreted in urine
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9
Q

Normal skin flora

A

Coagulase negative staph (S, epidermidis)
Staph aureus
Corynebacterium (diptheriods)

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10
Q

Normal nares flora

A

Staph aureus

Coag neg stapg

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11
Q

Normal mouth flora

A 
Strep viridans
Neisseria
Anaerobes
Candidia
Staph
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12
Q

Normal pharyngeal flora

A 
Haemophilus
Moraxella
Neisseria
Staph aureus
Strep pneumoniae
Strep pyogenes
Strep viridans
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13
Q

Normal stomach/duodenum flora

A

Sterile - acid

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14
Q

Normal small intestine flora

A

Small amounts coliforms and anaerobes

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15
Q

Normal colon flora

A

Coliforms - E,coli, enterobacter, proteus, klebsiella
Anaerobes - clostridium, bacteriodes, anaerobic cocci
Enterococcus faecalis

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16
Q

Normal bile duct flora

A

None - sterile

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17
Q

How are streptococci classified? Give examples of bacteria and what they are involved in

A

Gamma haemolysis - enterococcus (gut commensal, UTI)
Alpha haemolysis - strep viridans (endocarditis), strep pneumoniae (pneumonia, meningitis)
Beta haemolysis - Group A strep - strep pyogenes (tonsillitis, skin infections)

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18
Q

How are staphylococci classified?

Give examples of bacteria and what they are involved in

A

Coagulase negative staph - staph epidermidis (skin commensal, IV line infection)
Coagulase positive staph - staph aureus (wound/skin/IVDU infections, nose commensal)

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19
Q

Small, aerobic, gram positive bacilli

Give examples of bacteria and what they are involved in

A

Corynebacterium species
Corynebacterium diptheriae (diptheria)
Diptheriods (skin commensal)

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20
Q

Large, aerobic, gram positive bacilli

Give examples of bacteria and what they are involved in

A 
Bacillus species
Bacillus cerus (food poisoning - rice)
Bacillis anthracis (anthrax)
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21
Q

Anaerobic, gram positive bacilli

Give examples of bacteria and what they are involved in

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A 
Clostridium species
Clostridium difficile (C.diff colitis)
Clostridium tetani (tetanus)
Clostridium perfingens (gas gangrene)
22
Q

Gram negative strict aerobic
bacilli
Give examples of bacteria and what they are involved in

Study These Flashcards
A 
Legionella (atypical pneumonia)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Immunosuppressed)
23
Q

Gram negative aerobic (in air) cocci

Give examples of bacteria and what they are involved in

Study These Flashcards
A 
Diplococci
Neisseria gonorrhoea (gonnorrhoea)
Neisseria meningitides (meningitis)
24
Q

Gram negative aerobic (in air) small bacilli

Give examples of bacteria and what they are involved in

Study These Flashcards
A 
Bordetella pertussis (whooping cough)
Haemophilus influenzae (exacerbation COPD)
25
Gram negative aerobic (in air) large bacilli) | Give examples of bacteria and what they are involved in
Coliforms Gut commensals - E.coli, klebsiella, proteus (UTI, wound infection) Gut pathogens - salmonella, shigella, E.coli O157
26
Gram negative microaerophilic bacilli | Give examples of bacteria and what they are involved in
Small curved - campylobacter (most common cause gastroenteritis) Spiral bacilli - helicobacter (gastritis)
27
Gram negative strict anaerobic bacilli | Give examples of bacteria and what they are involved in
Bacteriodes (gut commensal, wound infection)
28
Epiglottitis bacterial cause and treatment
Haemophilus influenza, streptococci | Ceftriaxone IV
29
Tonsillitis bacterial cause and treatment
Strep pyogenes | Penicillin oral
30
Sinusitis bacterial cause and treatment
Strep pneumonia | Amoxicillin
31
Acute otitis media bacterial cause and treatment
Strep pneumonia, H influenza | Amoxicillin
32
Mild/moderate CAP bacterial cause and treatment
S. pneumo, H. influenza Amoxicillin Doxycycline if pen allergic
33
Severe CAP bacterial cause and treatment
S. pneumo, H. inf, possible coliforms/atypicals Co-amoxiclav and doxycycline Levofloxacin and doxycycline if pen allergic
34
Acute exacerbation of COPD bacterial cause and treatment
S. pneumo, H. inf | Amoxicillin if purulent sputum
35
Non-severe HAP bacterial cause and treatment
S. pneumo, H. inf, coliforms, sometimes legionella | Amoxicillin and metronidazole
36
Severe HAP bacterial cause and treatment
S. pneumo, H. inf, coliforms, sometimes legionella | IV amoxicillin + gentamicin + metronidazole
37
Native valve acute endocarditis bacterial cause and treatment
S. aureus | IV flucloxacillin
38
Native valve subacute endocarditis bacterial cause and treatment
S. viridans, enterococci | IV amoxicillin + gentamicin
39
Prosthetic valve endocarditis bacterial cause and treatment
S. epi, MRSA | IV vancomycin + gentamicin + rifampicin PO 3 days later
40
Mild/moderate C diff colitis treatment
PO metronidazole
41
Severe C diff colitis treatment
PO vancomycin +/- metronidazole
42
Peritonitis/biliary sepsis/intraabdominal bacterial cause and treatment
Anaerobes, polymicrobial coliforms, enterococcus | IV amoxicillin + gentamicin + metronidazole
43
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (ascities) bacterial cause and treatment
Coliforms +/- anaeobes, sometimes S. pneumo | IV piperacillin then step down co-trimoxazole PO
44
Cellulitis bacterial cause and treatment
S. aureus | Flucloxacillin
45
Acute diabetic foot bacterial cause and treatment
S. aureus | Flucloxacillin
46
Acute-on-chronic diabetic foot bacterial cause and treatment
S. aureus, coliforms, anaerobes | Flucloxacillin + metronidazole
47
Septic arthritis/osteomyelitis bacterial cause and treatment
S. aureus | IV flucloxacillin
48
Open fracture prophylaxis antibiotic treatment
IV co-amoxiclav | If pen allergic IV co-trimoxazole + metronidazole
49
Uncomplicated female UTI bacterial cause and treatment
Coliforms, enterococci | Nitrofurantoin or trimethoprim oral 3 days
50
Uncatheterised male lower UTI bacterial cause and treatment
Coliforms, enterococci Nitrofurantoin or trimethoprim oral 7 days Note - investigate for cause
51
Complicated UTI (incudes catheterised patients with UTI)/pyelonephritis/urosepsis bacterial cause and treatment
Coliforms, pseudomonas, enterococci | IV amoxicillin + gentamicin

Y2 Revision Points (10 decks)

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