Antibiotics (simple editor) Flashcards by Sun Hwang

Fidaxomycin (oral)

protein synthesis inhibitor C. diff when risk of recurrence is high

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Penicillin G (IV, IM depot) / Penicillin V (oral)

cell wall inhibitor
treponema, GAS
allergy

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Linezolid IV, oral

oxazolidinones; protein synthesis inhibitor
MRSA, VSE, MDR Strep pneumo, nocardia, complicated SSTI.
thrombocytopenia, serotonin syndrome

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Vancomycin IV, (oral available for C.diff)

Glycopeptides; cell wall inhibitor
MRSA, MSSA, patients with b-lactam allergy, c.diff infection
Red man syndrome, nephrotoxicity at high doses

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Piperacillin (IV)

Ureidopenicillin; cell wall inhibitor (expanded spectrum)
Pseudomonas, GNR, mixed anaerobe/aerobe
allergy

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Nitrofurantoin (oral)

free radical generator

lower UTI caused by E. coli and S. saprophyticus

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Quinupristin/dalfosprin ((Synercid IV)

Streptogramins; protein synthesis inhibitor

MRSA, VRE (E. faecium only)

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Meropenem, Ertapenem (IV))

Carbapenems; cell wall inhibitor (broad spectrum)
nosocomial infections (MSSA, strep, anaerobes, GNR)
1 pseudomonas, acinetobacter*panacea. switch to narrow spectrum drug!

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Amoxicillin (oral), Ampicillin (IV)

aminopenicillins; cell wall inhibitor (expanded spectrum)
strep, enterococci, GNR (hp, salmonella) chlamydia
allergy

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Ciprofloxacin (IV,oral)

fluoroquinolone; antimetabolite,
atypicals (mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella),
also: Pseudomonas
Damage to growing cartilage, tendon rupture and mental confusion in the elderly

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Metronidazole (IV, oral)

free radical generators
GP, GN anaerobes, including c.diff, hp, prophylaxis for abdo surgery, some protozoal/parasitic infections
symptoms of hangover when taken with alcohol

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Daptomycin (IV)

cell membrane disruptor
MDR GP, staphlycoccal endocarditis
don’t use in lungs (pneumo), rhabdomyolosis

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Clindamycin IV, oral

Lincosamides; protein synthesis inhibitor
abscesses, pentrating wounds, anaerobes, malaria, acne, some MRSA, necrotizing fasciitis
C DIFF

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Cefazolin (IV)

1st gen cephalosporin; cell wall inhibitor

MSSA, prophylaxis against Staph infection in surgery

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Nafcillin (IV), Oxacillin (IV), Dioxacillin (oral)

cell wall inhibitor (B-lactamase resistant)
MSSA
allergy

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Ceftriaxone (IV)

3rd gen cephalosporin; cell wall inhibitor

most CNS infections, PCN resistant strep. pne, neisseria

Aztreonam (IV/inhaled)

monobactam; cell wall inhibitor (one b-lactam ring)

less allergenic! pseudomonas, acinetobacter, GNR

Doxycycline, Minocycline (oral)

Tetracycline; protein synthesis inhibitor
atypicals (mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella), spirochetes (borreila, hp), rickettsiae, brucella, malaria prophylaxis. doxy for MRSA
teeth/bone discoloration/weakening, photosensitivty.

Cefuroxime (IV/oral)

2nd gen cephalosporin; cell wall inhibitor (some GN)

haemophilus, neiserria, klebsiella, CAP

Rifampin (oral)

Rifamycins; antimetabolite
prophylaxis of meningococcal disease, MRSA involving osteomyelitis or prosthetic heart valves
TB first line drug

Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (oral)

Sulfonamides; antimetabolite (stops folate synthesis)

1 UTI, S. aureus, H. influenzae, Listeria, Pneumocystis jiroveci

Cefepime (IV, IM)

4th gen cephalosporin; cell wall inhibitor

MSSA, Strep Pseudomonas, enteric GNR, febrile neutropenia

Colistin (IV, inhaled)

cell membrane disruptorserious infections with MDR GNnephrotoxicity

Azithromycin, Clarithromycin (oral)

macrolides; protein synthesis inhibitor
atypicals (mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella), respiratory pathogens (H. influenza, M. catarrhalis, S. pneumoniae), hp ,M. avium complex, Toxoplasma

Telithromycin (oral)

macrolides; protein synthesis inhibitor | macrolide resistant S. pneumoniae

Gentamycin IV

Aminoglycosides; protein synthesis inhibitor serious GN aerobic infections + cell wall for synergism nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

Amikacin IV, Tobramycin IV

Aminoglycosides; protein synthesis inhibitor serious GN aerobic infections + cell wall for synergism nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

Moxifloxacin (IV/oral)

fluoroquinolones; antimetabolite atypicals (mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella) also: H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, M. catarrhalis; anaerobes; with cell wall inhibitor for synergistic empiric therapy of life-threatening infections Damage to growing cartilage, tendon rupture and mental confusion in the elderly

Levofloxacin (IV,oral)

fluoroquinolones; antimetabolite atypicals (mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella), also: H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, M. catarrhalis; Pseudomonas Damage to growing cartilage, tendon rupture and mental confusion in the elderly

Rifabutin (oral)

Rifamycins, antimetabolite prophylaxis of meningococcal disease, MRSA involving osteomyelitis or prosthetic heart valves M. avium complex Turn body fluids red/orange, CYP450 induction

Pyrimethamine/Sulfadiazine (oral)

Sulfonamides; antimetabolite (stops folate synthesis) | Toxoplasma

Tigecycline (IV)

Glycylcycline; protein synthesis inhibitor enterococci, VRE, MRSA Vomiting, nausea (in 25%)

Cephalexin (oral)

1st gen cephalosporin; cell wall inhibitor | MSSA, prophylaxis against Staph infection in surgery

Ceftazidime (IV)

3rd gen cephalosporin; cell wall inhibitor | most CNS infections, pseudomonas

Cefotaxime (IV)

3rd gen cephalosporin; cell wall inhibitor | most CNS infections, PCN resistant strep

Cefoxitin (IV)

2nd gen cephalosporin; cell wall inhibitor (some GN) haemophilus, neiserria, klebsiella, anaerobes, prophylaxis during abdo surgery

Cefotetan (IV)

2nd gen cephalosporin; cell wall inhibitor (some GN) haemophilus, neiserria, klebsiella, anaerobes, prophylaxis during abdo surgery

Cefprozil (oral)

2nd gen cephalosporin; cell wall inhibitor (some GN) | haemophilus, neiserria, klebsiella,

Ceftaroline (IV)

5th gen cephalosporin; cell wall inhibitor | MRSA, MDR staph and strep