Anticancer

Question 1

What are the alkylating agents?

Answer 1

1. Mechlorethamine
2. Cyclophosphamide
3. Carmustine
4. Cisplatin

Question 2

What are the antimetabolites?

Answer 2

1. Methotrexate
2. Mercaptopurine
3. Fluorouracil
4. Cytarabine

Question 3

What are the natural antibiotics?

Answer 3

1. Daunorubicin

2. Doxorubicin

Question 4

What are the natural vinca alkaloids, etc?

Answer 4

1. Vinblastine
2. Vincristine
3. Etoposide
4. Paclitaxel

Question 5

What are the hormonal agents?

Answer 5

1. prednisone
2. deamethasone
3. tamoxifen

Question 6

What is the tyrosine kinase inhibitor?

Answer 6

imatinib mesylate

Question 7

What is the monoclonal antibodies?

Answer 7

trastuzumab

Question 8

What is the log-kill hypothesis?

Answer 8

The relationship of tumor cell number to the time of diagnosis, symptoms, treatment, and survival.

Question 9

What size must a tumor be to be diagnosed?

Answer 9

1cm diameter

Question 10

Explain the difference between CCS and CCNS,

Answer 10

CCS - cell cycle-specific are effective in hematologic malignancies that are proliferating and in growth.
CCNS cell cycle non-specific are effective in low-growth solid tumors.

Question 11

What are all the CCS agents?

Answer 11

1. Methotrexate (S-phase)
2. Mercaptopurine (S-phase)
3. Fluorouracil (S-phase)
4. Cytarabine (S-phase)
5. Etoposide (G2 phase)
6. Paclitaxel (G2 phase)
7. Vinblastine (M phase)
8. Vincristine (M phase)
9. Trastuzumab (G1 phase)
10. imatinib mesylate (G1 phase)
11. Prednisone (G1 phase)
12. Tamoxifen (G1 phase)

Question 12

What are all the CCNS agents?

Answer 12

1. Daunorubicin
2. Doxorubicin
3. Cisplatin
4. Mechlorethamine
5. Carmustine
6. Cyclophosphamide

Question 13

What are the host determinants?

Answer 13

Factors that influence response to cancer chemotherapy such as overall performance status of patient, immune system, age, sex, race, organ function, other diseases

Question 14

What is the drug receptor assays usefulness?

Answer 14

Biopsy of specimen to establish management of endocrine-responsive tumors. ER-negative numbers are not likely to respond to hormonal therapy

Question 15

What is the mechanism of action for alkylating agents?

Answer 15

Reactive alkyl group to the DNA molecule. N7 position of guanine.
Leads to miscoding, incomplete repair, excessive crosslinking

Question 16

This drug is activated in the liver.

Answer 16

Cyclosphamide

Question 17

This drug is highly lipid soluble. What indication does it have?

Answer 17

Carmustine, brain tumors

Question 18

This drug can cause nephrotoxicity and otoxicity.

Answer 18

Cisplatin

Question 19

What is the mechanism of action of antimetabolites?

Answer 19

They are metabolized instead of normal substrate, compete with normal metabolite, effect nucleotide and nucleic acid synthesis

Question 20

This drug is an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase. Blocks conversion of folic acid to tetrahydrofolate.

Answer 20

Methotrexate

Question 21

This drug causes an inability to convert deoxyuridylate to thymidylate in synthesis.

Answer 21

Methotrexate

Question 22

This drug can bypass the metabolic block of methotrexate and protect normal cells.

Answer 22

Leucovorin

Question 23

This drug inhibits enzymes of the purine nucleotide synthesis.

Answer 23

Mercaptopurine

Question 24

This drug binds to thymidylate synthtase, blocking ratelimiting step of DNA synthesis.

Answer 24

Fluorouracil

Question 25

This drug is converted to cytarabine triphosphate to inhibit DNA polymerase.

Answer 25

Cytarabine

Question 26

What is the mechanism of action for natural antibiotics?

Answer 26

The bind to DNA through intercalation, interfere with replication. It results in uncoiling of the DNA helix.

Question 27

What side effects is seen with both the anthracyclines?

Answer 27

cardiotoxic

Question 28

What is the mechanism of action of the vinca alkaloids?

Answer 28

They bind to tubulin and disrupt the mitotic spindle apparatus resulting in metaphase arrest.

Question 29

What side effect is seen with vinca alkaloids?

Answer 29

neurological toxicity

Question 30

This drug forms a complex with topoisomerase II causing inhibition and DNA breaks.

Answer 30

Etoposide

Question 31

This drug is from the bark of the taxus brevifolia. It is an antimicrotubule that promotes microtubules assembly.

Answer 31

Paclitaxel

Question 32

What are some mechanisms of action of adrenocorticosteroids?

Answer 32

Suppress mitosis in lymphocytes, inhibit COX2, PLA2, cytokines, PMN, binds cytosolic receptors.

Question 33

What side effect is seen with steroid use and what are the symptoms?

Answer 33

iatrogenic cushing's syndrome | puffy/moon face, acne, fat distribution, thin skin, hypercalcemia

Question 34

What drug is a nonsterodial antiestrogen?

Answer 34

tamoxifen

Question 35

What drug competes with estradiol for binding to cytoplasmatic estrogen receptors.

Answer 35

Tamoxifen

Question 36

What are the short and long term effects associated with tamoxifen?

Answer 36

Short: hot flash, nausea, vomiting Long: vision, hypercalcemia, vaginal bleeding

Question 37

What is the indication of use for tamoxifen?

Answer 37

ER positive breast carcinoma

Question 38

This drug inhibits the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase, preventing phosphorylation.

Answer 38

Imatinib mesylate

Question 39

This drug inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in Bcr-Abl positive cells with CML (chronic myelopid leukemia)

Answer 39

Imatinib mesylate

Question 40

This drug is used to treat c-Kit CD117 receptor positive gastrointestinal stromal tumor.

Answer 40

Imatinib mesylate

Question 41

This drug does not result in bone marrow suppression.

Answer 41

Imatinib mesylate

Question 42

This drug binds to extracellular domain of the EGF human epidermal growth factor receptor HER-2.

Answer 42

Trastuzumab

Question 43

This drug results in the downregulation of EGF receptor tyrosine kinase signaling activity.

Answer 43

Trastuzumab

Question 44

This drug is used as an adjuvant breast cancer in EGF2 positive tumors or metastatic breast cancer Her-2.

Answer 44

Trastuzumab