Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology 💊 > Anticoagulants > Flashcards

Anticoagulants Flashcards

(86 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is heparins drug class?

A

Anticoagulant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the antidote for heparin?

A

Protamine sulfate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is heparin mechanism of action?

A

It combines with antithrombin 3 to inactivate factors 9-12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

True or false:
heparin is a clot buster.

A

False, it prevents further clotting, but does not dissolve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Is heparin, short, acting, or slow releasing.

A

Short acting takes about 20 to 30 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the therapeutic uses of heparin?

A

Prevention of management of thromboembolic disorders, such as DVT, PE, and a fib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Is heparin used prophylactically? If so, how?

A

It is used prophylactically in patients with…
MI heart failure, and stroke
history of thrombophlebitis, major abdominal/thoracic surgery
restrictions of bedrest for 5+ days
Recent gynecologic surgery (especially in patients who take estrogen/oral contraceptive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two most common side effects of heparin?

A

Hemorrhaging (drug hypersensitivity, local irritation was subQ administration)
HIT (heparin induced thrombocytopenia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does heparin induced thrombocytopenia do?

A

Lowers platelet counts (low platelets= no clotting factors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do we administrate heparin?

A

We administrate SubQ or IV, does not absorb in G.I.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the nursing actions we take when administering heparin?

A

APTT (activated partial thrombin time)
Levels need to be between 46-70

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When aPTT levels are below 70. What are our 3 priority actions?

A

1.stop the drug
2. Prepare protamine sulfate (antidote)
3. Reassess labs (1 hour)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are some patient teachings when administering heparin?

A

Bleeding risk
obtain labs regularly
how to observe signs and symptoms of bleeding
correct self administration

Chamomile, garlic, ginger, ginkgo, ginseng, and high doses of vitamin E can increase the effects of the drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What pregnancy category is heparin?

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the brand name for warfarin?

A

Coumadin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What drug class is warfarin?

A

Anticoagulants (Vit K Antagonist)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the most common oral anticoagulant?

A

Warfarin (Coumadin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is warfarin (Coumadin) mechanism of action?

A

Works in liver to block synthesis of vitamin K dependent factors: 2,7,9 and 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Warfarin is highly bound to plasma proteins, such as…

A

Albumin 98%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How many days does warfarin (Coumadin) take to work?

A

Takes up to five days, PT on Lovenox while on loading dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the therapeutic uses of warfarin (Coumadin)?

A

prevention and management of venous, thromboembolism disorders:
DVT, PE, and embolization associated with a fib and prosthetic heart valves
Use after MI to: decrease reinfection, stroke, venous, thromboembolism, and death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are side effects of warfarin (Coumadin)?

A

Bleeding (more likely pts with a hepatic disease because of decreased synthesis of vitamin K in plasma proteins)
Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, alopecia, urticaria, dizziness, joint and muscle pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the antidote for warfarin (Coumadin)?

A

Vitamin K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are nursing actions we take when administering warfarin (Coumadin)?

A

INR (internal national normalized ratio)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What should the levels be of INR?
2 to 3 2.5 to 3.5 (heart valve replacement)
26
What are patient teaching when administering warfarin (Coumadin)?
Obtain regular lab test Search for signs and symptoms of bleeding Prevent blood clots from forming and legs Do not change vitamin K and take (dark leafy greens) BE CONSISTENT LET PROVIDER KNOW ABOUT TOBACCO USE Safe self administration’s
27
True or false: warfarin (Coumadin) has a black box warning
True for fatal bleeding
28
What pregnancy category is warfarin (Coumadin) and why?
Pregnancy category X because it can crossable center and calls fetal hemorrhaging
29
What is the brand name of clopidogrel?
 Plavix
30
What drug class is clopidogrel (plavix)
Antiplatelet
31
What is the mechanism of action of clopidogrel (Plavix?)
It irreversibly blocks the ADP receptor on platelets or surface
32
What are the side effects of clopidogrel (Plavix)?
Pruritus, rash, purpura, and diarrhea Thrombotic thrombocytopenic Purpera, TTP Hemorrhage and severe neutropenia
33
What are the therapeutic uses of clopidogrel (Plavix)?
Reduces MI, stroke and vascular death in pts w/ atherosclerosis, and in those after Coronary artery stent
34
People with afib who can’t take vitamin K antagonistic, take what drug?
 Clopidogrel (Plavix)
35
What should the lab levels be when taking antiplatelets?
 Hemoglobin: > 7 (anything below 7 you’re sending your pts to heaven) Platelets: 150,000-400k (anything below 150 is always iffy. Anything below 50 is extremely risky!!!)
36
Nursing actions for clopidogrel (Plavix):
No INR or PTT needed
37
What patients teachings do we give when administrating clopidogrel (Plavix?)
Report any sign of bleeding (excessive bruising, blood in urine and stool) TAKE WITHOUT FOOD Obtain labs regularly Prevent injury If superficial bleeding occurs, apply pressure for 3-5 minutes
38
What are some safety measures when administrating clopidogrel (Plavix?)
This drug may accumulate in patients with hepatic impairment It may increase your risk of hemorrhagic stroke in elderly
39
True or false: Clopidogrel has a black box warning
True that has a black box warning, for patients who are reduce metabolizers of drugs (2-14%)
40
What pregnancy category is Clopidogrel?
B
41
What drug class is aspirin
Antiplatelets
42
What is aspirins mechanisms of action?
It’s a thromboxane A2 inhibitor Provides antiplatelet properties it makes red blood cells less sticky Lower platelets aggregation
43
What are the therapeutic uses of aspirin?
Prevents am MI, CVA, and TIA (transient ischemic heart attack) Treats ACS artificial heart valves; it prevents clots Used after setting bypassed and used after PCI (percutaneous coronary intervention)
44
What drug does aspirin interact with?
NSAIDS but not acetaminophen
45
Side effects of aspirin
Antiplatelet activity reverses after drug is stopped
46
 What are some nursing actions for aspirin?
No, PTT or INR No new IV or IM after administration
47
What are some patient teachings with aspirin?
Signs and symptoms of bleeding. Be careful falling use electric razor Report to provider if urine has blood or if youre having black stools.
48
What are key signs of aspirin toxicity? What are some key signs of bleeding while taking aspirin?
Tinnitus /hyperventilation = toxicity Tachycardia and hypertension equals bleeding
49
What drug class is rivaroxaban (xarelto)?
Anticoagulant (direct factor xa inhibitor)
50
What is rivaroxaban (xarelto) mechanism of action?
Inhibits platelet activation and fibrin clotting factor of xa
51
Xarelto is as effective as __________ but associated with ______ ________
War-farin Less bleeding
52
True or false (why or why not): Warfarin (xarelto) is slowly absorbed
False, rapidly absorbed, it’s highly bound to plasma proteins
53
Warfarin (xarelto) undergoes partial metabolism by _____ and exceeded by ______
Cytochrome P450 Urine
54
What are the therapeutic uses of Rivaroxaban (xarelto)?
Used in treatment and prevention of Venous thromboembolism stroke prevention in pts with non valvular afib At home use following knee and hip surgery for prevention of venous thrombus
55
What are the side effects of Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) ?
Bleeding (intercranial, GI, and retinal) -can increase if taken with other drugs that alter hemostasis (NSAID’s and aspirin) Can cause spinal epidural hematoma if given while getting epidural for surgery
56
What Nursing actions done take when administering rivaroxaban (xarelto)?
No labs are necessary
57
What specific pts do we not give xarelto
Pts w/ creatine clearance less than 15mL Pts with hepatic disease Pts who are critically ill
58
What patients teachings dowe give when administering Rivaroxaban (xarelto)?
Safe use/administration Prevent bleeding as well as symptoms and signs Obtain regular labs
59
What foods increase the effect of xarelto? What foods decrease?
Increase: -Grapefruit!!!!!! -Bilberry, alfalfa, and anise Decrease: -St John 'S wort
60
What medication increase serum concentration of xarelto?
Clarithromycin.
61
What are some safety measures of Rivaroxaban?
Estrogen derivatives decrease effect On beers criteria list
62
What drug class is alteplase (TPA)?
Thrombolytic
63
What are the mechanisms of action of alteplase (rTPA)?
Encourages plasminogen to plasmin, which breaks down clot Lyses unwanted clot
64
What does rTPA stand for?
Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator
65
What are Thera partic uses for alteplase (rTPA)?
Treatment of: - ischemic stroke, mi, acute PE
66
Side effects for alteplase are...
Bleeding, symptomatic Brain hemorrhage, increase risk of cerebral embolism With pt’s who have afib/ aflutter
67
What are the contraindications with alteplase (tpa)?
Severe hypertension Aneurysm Intracranial or intraspinal surgery /trauma/mass Current use of oral anticoagulants Arterovenous malformation
68
What Nursing actions do we take when administering Alteplase?
Minimize IM injections (bruising, bleeding, and hematoma may occur) Assess pts for cardiac dysthymia’s such as: (SB, PVC’s, and Vtach) Check INR, aPTT, platelets count and fibrinogen to establish baseline
69
True or false? Why or why not? Only specific nurses are allow to give Alteplase (rTPA)
Only ED/critical care nurses or settings with cardiac and other monitoring available
70
Patient teachings when administering Alteplase (rTPA)?
Bleeding Special care brushing teeth (reduce gum bleeding)
71
Does Alteplase have a black box warning? Why or why not?
Yes!!! HIGHEST RISK FOR BLEEDING
72
Safety for alteplase?
No iv, no subq, no IM, no ABGs Avoid giving pt with: -active bleeding -uncontrolled HTN 180/110+ -recent surgery
73
What are the 3A’s when giving Alteplase?
Aneurysm, accident, av malformation
74
What drug class is Cholestyramine?
Fibrates (bile acid sequestrants)
75
What is choleStyramine's mechanism of action?
Binds w/cholesterol in intestine and prevents absorption
76
What are the therapeutic uses of cholestyramine?
Reduces LDL (15-30%) little to no effect of HDL (3-5% elevation)
77
What are these effects of cholestyramine?
GI issues: constipation, abdominal pain/ discomfort, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia and flatulence Contradicted with biliary obstruction May decrease absorption of oral medications
78
What Nursing actions are required when giving Cholestyramine?
Observe decreased levels of total term cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, & HDL
79
What are the patient teachings when administering Cholestyramine?
Adequacy of fat soluble vitamin: A, D, E and K (supplements may be required) Oat bran/ pectin increase effects Take meds with water or other fluids
80
What safety measures do we take when administering Cholestyramine?
Do not take 4-6 hrs within other medications
81
What pregnancy category is Cholestyramine?
C
82
What are the mechanism of action for Fibrates?
Increase oxidation of fatty acids in liver Decrease hepatic production of Tchol, LDL, triglycerides, and HDL
83
What are the side effects when taking fenofibrate?
GI discomfort/diarrhea Increase cholesterol concentration in biliary tract and formation of gallstones
84
What nursing actions do we take when administering Fenofibrate?
Assess and test Tchol, LDL, triglycerides, HDL We administer the drug with food to increase absorption
85
What patient teachings do we follow when administering Fenofibrate?
Pt needs to report symptoms Periodic blood tests
86
What pregnancy category is Fenofibrate?
C

Pharmacology 💊 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions