Anticonvulsants Flashcards
0
Q
generalized seizures
A
affect consciousness
- tonic-clonic(TC) seizures- jerking, shaking (stereotypical seizure)
- absence seizures (a.k.a petit mal)- 30 seconds or less, stop mid-action
1
Q
2 types of seizures
A
generalized seizures
partial seizures
2
Q
petit mal
A
absence seizure
3
Q
partial seizures
A
- a.k.a. focal seizures
- may or may not affect consciousness (usually do NOT)
- localized; affect a specific area
4
Q
pt. counseling for anticonvulsants
A
- NEVER stop anticonvulsants suddenly–ALWAYS TAPER: status epilepticus may occur
- may cause somnelence
5
Q
classes of anticonvulsants
A
barbiturates
succinimides
sulfonamides
hydantoins
6
Q
barbiturates
A
-decrease effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives
phenobarbital
Mysoline
Mebaral
7
Q
phenobarbital
A
-barbiturate
8
Q
Mysoline
A
primidone
- barbiturate
- ind. for partial and TC
- metabolized to phenobarbital
9
Q
Mebaral
A
mephobarbital
- barbiturate
- ind. for TC and absence
- metabolized to phenobarbital
10
Q
succinimides
A
-ind. for absence
Zarontin
methsuximide
11
Q
Zarontin
A
ethosuximide
- succinimide
- ind. for absence
12
Q
methsuximide
A
- succinimide
- ind. for absence
13
Q
sulfonamides
A
-ind. for partial
-contraindicated in pts. allergic to sulfa drugs
Zonegran
14
Q
Zonegran
A
zonisamide
-sulfonamide
15
Q
hydantoins
A
Dilantin
Peganone
Cerebyx
16
Q
hydantion counseling
A
- decrease effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives
- need to have good dental care (brush AND floss)- may cause gingival hyperplasia
- chronic alcohol intake may lower the level of drug in the body causing susceptibility to seizures
17
Q
status epilepticus
A
multiple TC seizures without regaining consciousness
18
Q
gingival hyperplasia
A
gums swell and may cover teeth
19
Q
Dilantin
A
phenytoin
- hydantoin
- ind. for partial and TC
- capsule, chewable tablet, oral suspension, and parenteral
- parenteral ONLY ind. for status epilepticus
20
Q
Peganone
A
ethotoin
- hydantoin
- ind. for partial and TC
21
Q
Cerebyx
A
fosphenytoin
- hydantoin
- ind. ONLY for status epilepticus
- IV only; water soluble prodrug that is converted to phenytoin
- refrigerate for stability
22
Q
Tegretol, Carbatrol, Epitol
A
carbamazepine
- anticonvulsant
- ind. for partial, TC, trigeminal neuralgia, and bipolar disorder
- BBW: agranulocytosis
23
Q
trigeminal neuralgia
A
- disorder of the 5th cranial nerve (trigeminal nerve)
- results in face pain
24
agranulocytosis
decrease in the number of white blood cells (WBCs) which makes you more susceptible to illness
25
Felbatol
felbamate
- anticonvulsant
- ind. for partial and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
- not a first-line drug; parent must sign consent form saying they have been warned of BBWs
* BBWs: agranulocytosis, hepatotoxicity, bone marrow suppression
26
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
- severe, daily seizures of various types with onset in young children (2-3yo) that may continue into adulthood
- usually have some degree of mental retardation
- wear a helmet
27
Lamictal
lamotrigine
- anticonvulsant
- ind. for partial, TC, bipolar, and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
* BBW: may cause serious rash
28
Neurontin
gabapentin
- anticonvulsant
- ind. for partial and pain associated with PHN
29
Horizant
gabapentin ER
- anticonvulsant
- ind. ONLY for RLS
30
Gralise
gabapentin ER
- anticonvulsant
- ind. ONLY for PHN
31
PHN
postherpetic neuralgia- nerve pain that occurs after shingles blisters have subsided
32
Lyrica
pregabalin
- anticonvulsant
- ind. for partial, pain associated with PHN, fibromyalgia, and pain associated with DPN
33
DPN
diabetic peripheral neuropathy- pain/tingling in the periphery of diabetic pt.
34
Keppra
levetiracetam
- anticonvulsant
- ind. for partial and TC
- had no drug interactions for a long time
35
Topamax
topiramate
- anticonvulsant
- ind. for partial, TC, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, and migraine prophylaxis
- side effect: may cause significant weight loss
- do NOT use in pregnancy- may cause cleft lip/palate in child
36
Depakote
divalproex
- anticonvulsant
- ind. for partial, TC, absence, bipolar disorder, and migraine prophylaxis
* BBW: teratogenic effects, four-fold increase in risk of birth defects
37
teratogen
an agent that causes birth defects
38
Gabitril
tiagabine
- anticonvulsant
- ind. for partial
39
Trileptal
oxcarbazepine
- anticonvulsant
- ind. for partial
40
Vimpat
lacosamide
- anticonvulsant
- ind. for partial
41
Banzel
rufinamide
- anticonvulsant
- ind. for Lennox-Gastaut syndrom
42
Sabril
vigabatrin
- anticonvulsant
- tablet: ind. for partial seizures in adults
- powder for oral solution: ind. for West Syndrome
* BBW: can cause permanent vision loss (constricts field of vision, doesn't make blind)*
- not a first-line drug
43
West Syndrome
severe form of infantile spasms in kids less than 2yo
