antidiabetic agents Flashcards

(59 cards)

0
Q

Humulin NPH, Novolin NPH

A

Neutral Protamine Hagedorn insulin OTC

  • intermediate-acting: onset 1hr and DOA 18hr
  • a.k.a. isophane insulin
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1
Q

Humulin R, Novolin R

A

regular insulin OTC

-rapid-acting: onset 30min and DOA 8hr

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2
Q

protamine

A

a protein that extends the DOA of insulin

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3
Q

Humulin 70/30, Novolin 70/30

A

intermediate-acting insulin OTC

  • 70%NPH, 30%regular
  • onset 30min, DOA 18hr
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4
Q

insulin analogs (5)

A
-insulin that has had its amino acid sequence altered (Rx only)
Humalog 
Novolog
Apidra
Lantus 
Levemir
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5
Q

rapid-acting insulin analogs

A

-onset 15min, DOA 3hr
-use 15min before a meal
Humalog
Novolog
Apidra

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6
Q

long-acting insulin analogs

A

-onset 1hr, DOA 24 hr
Lantus
Levemir

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7
Q

Humalog

A

insulin lispro

-rapid-acting insulin analog

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8
Q

Novolog

A

insulin aspart

-rapid-acting insulin analog

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9
Q

Apidra

A

insuline glulisine

-rapid-acting insulin analog

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10
Q

Humalog Mix 75/25

A

75% insulin lispro protamine, 25% insulin lispro

-onset 15min, DOA 18hr

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11
Q

Novolog Mix 70/30

A

70% insulin aspart protamine, 30% insulin aspart

-onset 15min, DOA 18hr

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12
Q

Lantus

A

insulin glargine

  • long-acting insulin analog
  • onset 1hr, DOA 24hr
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13
Q

Levemir

A

insulin detemir

  • long-acting insulin analog
  • onset 1hr, DOA 24hr
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14
Q

Humulin R U-500

A

500units/mL regular insulin (Rx only)

-only ind. for pts. needing more than 200units per day

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15
Q

antidiabetic classes

A
sulfonylureas
meglitinides
biguanides
thiazolidinediones
alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
incretin mimetics
dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors
sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors
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16
Q

sulfonylureas

A
-avoid alcohol because it can cause hypoglycemia
chlorpropamide
Glucotrol
Glucotrol XL
Amaryl
Diabeta
Glynase PresTab
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17
Q

sulfonylurea MOA and warning

A
  • MOA: stimulate insulin release from the pancreas and increase tissue sensitivity to insulin
  • can cause SEVERE hypoglycemia if ODed
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18
Q

chlorpropamide

A

sulfonylurea

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19
Q

Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL

A

glipizide

-sulfonylurea

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20
Q

Amaryl

A

glimiperide

-sulfonylurea

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21
Q

Diabeta

A

glyburide nonmicronized

-sulfonylurea

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22
Q

Glynase PresTab

A

glyburide micronized

  • sulfonylurea
  • smaller particle size than Diabeta so it is absorbed better
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23
Q

meglitinides

A

-stimulate insulin release from the pancreas
-can cause SEVERE hypoglycemia
-avoid alcohol because it can cause hypoglycemia
Starlix
Prandin

24
Starlix
nateglinide | -meglitinide
25
Prandin
repaglinide | -meglitinide
26
biguanides
``` -increase tissue sensitivity to insulin, not as likely to cause hypoglycemia Glucophage Glucophage XR Fortamet Glumetza ```
27
Glucophage, Glucophage XR, Fortamet, Glumetza
metformin | -biguanide
28
thiazolidinediones
-increase tissue sensitivity to insulin *BBW: may cause or exacerbate heart failure* Actos Avandia
29
Actos
pioglitazone | -thiazolidinedione
30
Avandia
rosiglitazone | -thiazolidinedione
31
alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
-delay digestion of ingested carbohydrates which results in a smaller increase of blood glucose after a meal -take at the first bite of each main meal -side effect: 50% incidence of flatulence Precose Glyset
32
Precose
acarbose - alpha-glucosidase inhibitor - TID
33
Glyset
miglitol - alpha-glucosidase inhibitor - TID
34
incretin mimetics
-imitate the incretin hormones and stimulate insulin release from the pancreas -store in refrigerator at the pharmacy Byetta Bydureon Victoza
35
side effect of incretin mimetics
weight loss because it delays gastric emptying which makes you feel full longer
36
Byetta
exenatide - incretin mimetic - 5mcg, 10mcg subQ pens - inject 1hr before breakfast and dinner - glucose MUST be present for Byetta to work - can store at RT for 6 days
37
Bydureon
exenatide extended release suspension - one 2mg subQ pen - inject anytime independent of meals - can be stored at RT for 30 days
38
Victoza
liraglutide - incretin mimetic - 0.6mg, 1.2mg, 1.8mg - one subQ pen, dial dose needed - independent of meals - qdaily - can be stored at RT for 30 days
39
dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors
``` -DPP-4 inhibitors Januvia Janumet Onglyza Tradjenta Jentadueto Nesina ```
40
MOA of DPP-4 inhibitors
inhibit DPP-4 which is an enzyme that metabolizes incretin hormones; will prolong the effect of incretin hormones and therefore more insulin is secreted
41
Januvia
sitagliptin | -DPP-4 inhibitor
42
Janumet
sitagliptin, metformin - DPP-4 inhibitor, biguanide - increases tissue sensitivity and more insulin is produced
43
Onglyza
saxagliptin | -DPP-4 inhibitor
44
Tradjenta
linagliptin | -DPP-4 inhibitor
45
Jentadueto
linagliptan, metformin - DPP-4 inhibitor, biguanide - increase tissue sensitivity and produces more insulin
46
Nesina
alogliptin | -DPP-4 inhibitor
47
SGLT2 inhibitors
-sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors -inhibit the transporter responsible for reabsorption of glucose by the kidney; will urinate glucose Invokana
48
side effect of SGLT2 inhibitors
urinary tract infections
49
Invokana
canagliflozin | -SGLT2 inhibitor
50
combination antidiabetics
``` Glucovance PrandiMet Kombiglyze XR ActoPlus Met Avandamet Avandaryl Duetact ```
51
BBW for thiazolidinediones
may cause or exacerbate heart failure
52
Glucovance
glyburide, metformin | -sulfonylurea, biguanide
53
PrandiMet
repaglinide, metformin | -meglitinide, biguanide
54
Kombiglyze XR
saxagliptin, metformin | -DPP-4 inhibitor, biguanide
55
ActoPlus Met
pioglitazone, metformin - thiazolidinedione, biguanide * BBW: may cause or exacerbate heart failure
56
Avandamet
rosiglitazone, metformin - thiazolidinedione, biguanide * BBW: may cause or exacerbate heart failure
57
Avandaryl
rosiglitazone, glimepiride - thiazolidinedione, sulfonylurea * BBW: may cause or exacerbate heart failure
58
Duetact
pioglitazone, glimepiride - thiazolidinedione, sulfonylurea * BBW: may cause or exacerbate heart failure