antiemetics

Question 1

antiemetics are used to suppress ___ and ___

Answer 1

nausea and vomiting

Question 2

the emetic response of an antiemetic is a complex reflex that occurs after activation of ____ in the medulla oblongata

Answer 2

after activation of vomiting

Question 3

what are the several types of receptors that are involved in the emetic response

Answer 3

serotonin; glucocorticoids; substance P; neurokinin1; dopamine; acetylcholine; and histamine

Question 4

many antiemetics interact with one or more ___

Answer 4

one or more receptor

Question 5

serotonin receptor antagonists include

Answer 5

Granisetron, dolasetron, palonosetron
Ondansetron [Zofran]

Question 6

ondansetron (zofran) was first approved for

Answer 6

chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting CINV)

Question 7

ondansetron (zofran) was also used to prevent nausea and vomiting associated with ____ therapy and ____

Answer 7

radiotherapy and anesthesia

Question 8

ondansetron (zofran) blocks type ____ serotonin receptors on afferent vagal nerve

Answer 8

block type 3

Question 9

ondansetron ( zofran) is more effective when taken with

Answer 9

dexamethasone

Question 10

adverse effects of ondansetron (zofran) are

Answer 10

Headache, diarrhea, dizziness, prolonged QT interval, risk of torsades de pointes

Question 11

glucocorticoids is an unknown _____ (MOA) as an antiemetic

Answer 11

unknown mechanism of action

Question 12

2 common glucocorticoids include

Answer 12

Methylprednisolone
Dexamethasone

Question 13

glucocorticoids are commonly used to suppress ___ however it is not an application approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Answer 13

CINV

Question 14

gluocorticoids are effective ___ and in combination with other antiemetics

Answer 14

effective alone/ with other antiemetics

Question 15

examples of antiemetic (benzodiazepines)

Answer 15

lorazepam (ativan)

Question 16

benzodiazepines are used in combination regimens to suppress

Answer 16

CINV

Question 17

3 primary benefits of benzodiazepines

Answer 17

Sedation
Suppression of anticipatory emesis
Production of anterograde amnesia

Question 18

examples of antiemetics dopamine antagonists

Answer 18

Phenothiazines: Prochlorperazine

Question 19

dopamine antagonists — Phenothiazines: Prochlorperazine block ____ receptors in CTZ

Answer 19

dopamine 2 receptors in CTZ

Question 20

Phenothiazines: Prochlorperazine
are used during

Answer 20

surgery cancer chemotherapy and toxins

Question 21

Phenothiazines: Prochlorperazine
are used in ___

Answer 21

children

Question 22

side effects of dopamine antagonists are

Answer 22

Extrapyramidal reactions
Anticholinergic effects
Hypotension and sedation

Question 23

(antiemetic) Butyrophenones examples are

Answer 23

Haloperidol [Haldol] and droperidol [Inapsine]

Question 24

(butyrophenones) Haloperidol [Haldol] and droperidol [Inapsine] block

Answer 24

block dopamine 2 receptor in CTZ

Question 25

Haloperidol [Haldol] and droperidol [Inapsine] are used for

Answer 25

Postoperative nausea/vomiting, chemotherapy emesis, radiation therapy, and toxins

Question 26

side effects of Haloperidol [Haldol] and droperidol [Inapsine] are

Answer 26

Similar to phenothiazines
May cause prolonged QT interval and fatal dysrhythmias
Electrocardiogram (ECG) before administration

Question 27

you need an ________ before haloperidol and droperidol administration

Answer 27

ECG

Question 28

the antiemetic Metoclopramide [Reglan]
blocks

Answer 28

dopamine receptors in CTZ

Question 29

the antiemetic Metoclopramide [Reglan] is used for

Answer 29

Postoperative nausea/vomiting, anticancer drug, opioids, toxins, radiation therapy

Question 30

examples of antiemetic Cannabinoids

Answer 30

Dronabinol [Marinol] and nabilone [Cesamet]

Question 31

cannabinoids are related to

Answer 31

marijuana

Question 32

cannabinoids are used for

Answer 32

CINV

Question 33

the mechanism of action of cannabinoids with emesis are

Answer 33

unclear

Question 34

there is potential for ____ and ____ effects when taking cannabinoids

Answer 34

potential for abuse and psychotomimetic effects