Antifungal Flashcards

1
Q

What’s antifungal drugs

A

Chemical agents that selectively eliminates fungal pathogens

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2
Q

Types of fungi

A
  1. Based on feeding; Saprophytic and parasitic
  2. Based on site of infection; Superficial infection: Dermatophytes and mucosa(yeasts)
    Systemic infection
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3
Q

Examples of superficial infections

A

MOD

  1. Mucosamycosis- candida infection of body mucosa e.g thrush, oidiomycosis, yeast infection
    Caused by Candida albicans
  2. Onchomycosis -fungal infection of nails; White, proximal, distal
  3. Dermatophytosis- fungal infection of skin and hair
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4
Q

Examples of systemic fungal infection

A

Primary and opportunistic pathogens, spread from lungs primarily.
Examples include; Aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, pneumocystosis, histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis etc

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5
Q

Risk factors for mycosis

A
  1. Excessive use of antibiotics
  2. Steroid treatments
  3. HIV/aids infection
  4. Cancer chemotherapy
  5. Very old or very young people
  6. Diabetes
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6
Q

Risk factors for mycosis

A
  1. Excessive use of antibiotics
  2. Steroid treatments
  3. HIV/AIDS infection
  4. Cancer chemotherapy
  5. Very old or very young people
  6. Diabetes
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7
Q

Classes of antifungals

A

4-APE

Azole, Allylamine, Anti metabolite, antimitotic

Polyene antifungal, echinocandins

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8
Q

Polyene antifungals card

A

Macrocyclic molecules with multiple double bonds, product of Streptomyces species
E.g Amphotericin B, Nystatin, Natamycin, Filipin. (FANN)

Mechanism of action
Binding to ergosterol and causing membrane leakages

Uses
1. Amphotericin B: Systemic infections such as Aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, etc
2. Nystatin: oral, vaginal, git candidiasis
3. Natamycin: superficial eye infection

Adverse effects: phlebitis, chills, cardiac arrest, liver damage, hearing loss, bone marrow toxicity,rash and renal toxicity

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9
Q

Azole antifungal card

A

Pentacyclic aromatic compound with nitrogen atom and two double bonds. Divided into: Imidazole, triazole, thiazole

Imidazole: popular -zole apart from fluconazole
Triazole: fluconazole, etc
MOA: block ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting lanosterol-14-alpha-demethylase

Thiazole: abafungin(antifungal and sporocidal)
MOA: inhibit sterol 24c-methyl transferase

Uses: known

Adverse effects: Traizoles cause nausea, vomiting, liver toxicity.
Ketoconazole worse due to hepatotoxicity

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10
Q

Allyamine card

A

Simplest stable unsaturated amine.
E.g: -Fine. Terbinafine, butenafine, amorolfine

MOA: block ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting enzyme squalene epoxidase

Uses: effective against Dermatophytes

Adverse effects: visual disturbance, taste disturbance, git probs, headache, dizziness, liver toxicity

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11
Q

Echinocandins card

A

Newest of antifungals
(-fungin) e.g Micafungin, caspofungin, Anidulafungin

MOA: block synthesis of beta (1,3) glucan by inhibiting enzyme beta glucan synthase

Use: NOT USED ORALLY due to low bioavailability. Administered to immunocompromised patients

Adverse effects: local phlebitis, fever, haemolysis, liver probs

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12
Q

Anti metabolite card

A

E.g Flucytosine

MOA: inhibits RNA and DNA synthesis through inhibition of thymidylate synthetase

Use: + amphotericin b for cryptococcal meningitis

Adverse effects: hepatic dysfunction, jaundice, headache, hallucinations, anaphylaxis, blood dyscrasia,renal failure

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13
Q

Anti-mitotic antifungal

A

E.g Griseofulvin

MOA: inhibits mitosis in fungi by binding to microtubules

Uses: treat fungal skin infection. ( reduce oral contraceptives due to CY-P450 enzyme)

Adverse effects: headaches, dizziness, vomiting, diarrhea,insomnia, rash

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