Antigen

Question 1

Any molecular structure that when introduced is capable of Antibody production.

Answer 1

ANTIGENS

Question 2

• Can elicit the immune system to produce antibodies
• Can be microorganism, pathogen, foreign substances, etc.

Answer 2

ANTIGENS

Question 3

responsible for the molecular weight of the antigen; the molecular weight of an antigen can be expressed as _______

Answer 3

Carrier Portion; daltons

Question 4

determines the specificity of the antigen; responsible for the specific antibody production and can be based on the nature of the antigen

Answer 4

Epitope or Determinant

Question 5

The entire microbial cell is the carrier portion of the antigen. The specific structures on the membrane of the cell are the epitopes. The epitopes on the surface would determine the specific antibody that would interact with the _____?

Answer 5

bacillus

Question 6

inherent ability of a substance to induce immune response resulting in the formation of immune lymphocytes or antibodies

Answer 6

IMMUNOGENECITY

Question 7

the immunogen must be recognized as foreign or non-self to induce immune response

Answer 7

FOREIGNESS

Question 8

self-antigen; derived from the person’s body

Answer 8

Autoantigen

Question 9

derived from other individuals of the same species

Answer 9

Alloantigen

Question 10

Example of Alloantigen

Answer 10

Blood cells of donors

Question 11

derived from other species; can derived from animals or nonhuman sources; most foreign to humans

Answer 11

Heteroantigen

Question 12

a type of heteroantigen that is produced from unrelated plants or animals that can induce a common or similar immune response

Answer 12

Heterophile antigen

Question 13

is also known as tissue transplant

Answer 13

Graft

Question 14

obtained from the patient’s own body

Answer 14

Autograft

Question 15

Example of Autograft

Answer 15

Patients who had second- or thirddegree burn

Question 16

obtained from identical individuals (identical twins)

Answer 16

Isograft/ Syngraft

Question 17

obtained from non-identical individuals of the same species; most common graft transplanted

Answer 17

Allograft

Question 18

Example of Allograft

Answer 18

Kidney, Blood

Question 19

commonly transfused tissue

Answer 19

Blood

Question 20

obtained from other species

Answer 20

Heterograft/ Xenograft

Question 21

Example of Heterograft/ Xenograft

Answer 21

Other mammals or laboratory animals (pig’s heart)

Question 22

Minimum molecular weight for an antigen/ substance to induce immune response:

Answer 22

at least 10,000 daltons of molecular weight or
higher

Question 23

If less than 10, 000 daltons, the antigen is
considered as _____ (incomplete antingen)
thus, incapable to induce an immune
response due to its small size

Answer 23

hapten

Question 24

(30, 000 to 60, 000 daltons); considered as a good antigen

Answer 24

Albumin

Question 25

(100,000 to million daltons); excellent antigen because it is highly complex type

Answer 25

Hemocyanin

Question 26

the best and strongest antigen; highly stable because of the peptide bonds present which makes it circulate longer in the body

Answer 26

Proteins

Question 27

In the circulation, if the antigen could last longer in the circulation, that would make an antigen highly immunogenic. The longer it stays in the circulation, the longer the exposure of the antigen in the immune system leading to a greater chance of immune response.

Answer 27

Proteins

Question 28

Example of Polysaccharides

Answer 28

Endotoxin, pneumococcal capsule

Question 29

like ABO, Rh antigens

Answer 29

Glycoproteins

Question 30

Example of Polypeptide

Answer 30

Insulin

Question 31

least immunogenic

Answer 31

Nucleic Acid, Lipids and Amino Acids

Question 32

the ability to react specifically with the antibody or cell that caused it to be produced

Answer 32

ANTIGENICITY/ SPECIFICITY

Question 33

based on the epitope present on the antigen surface

Answer 33

Specificity

Question 34

an incomplete antigen; not immunogenic by itself; if coupled with a carrier protein, hapten can elicit immune response since molecular weight will be increased and hapten structure will be stabilized

Answer 34

Hapten

Question 35

Common carrier protein

Answer 35

Albumin

Question 36

defined as any substance that can induce an immune response; antigen

Answer 36

Immunogen

Question 37

a special class of immunogen that induces hypersensitivity reactions specifically Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction; cause reaction to some people but not all

Answer 37

Allergen

Question 38

substances added to an immunogen to enhance immune response

Answer 38

Adjuvants

Question 39

longer stay in circulation, increases the chance to be recognized by immune cells (WBCs), activating immune system

Answer 39

Prolongs the retention time of the immunogen in the body

Question 40

the bigger substance, the more immunogenic and becomes easily recognized

Answer 40

Increases the effective size of immunogen

Question 41

increased production of immunocompetent WBC

Answer 41

Stimulates the influx of macrophage and/or lymphocytes

Question 42

Examples of Adjuvants

Answer 42

✓ CFA (Complete Freunds Adjuvants) ✓ LPS (Lipopolysaccharide) ✓ Aluminum Adjuvants

Question 43

composed of water in oil emulsion of Mycobacterium butyricum or Bordetella pertussis culture

Answer 43

CFA (Complete Freunds Adjuvants)

Question 44

more clinically/commonly used

Answer 44

Aluminum Adjuvants

Question 45

antigen that induces an antibody and reacts specifically with it

Answer 45

Homologous antigen

Question 46

cross reaction; antigen reacts with antibody. It did not induce for its production

Answer 46

Heterogenous antigen

Question 47

the strength of attraction between an epitope and the antigen combining site (Fab portion) of the antibody

Answer 47

Affinity

Question 48

the sum of interaction/the strength of interaction between complex antigens and antibodies

Answer 48

Avidity

Question 49

measures the strength of attraction/interaction

Answer 49

AFFINITY & AVIDITY

Question 50

involves simple interaction (single epitope + Fab portion)

Answer 50

Affinity

Question 51

involves multiple epitopes are interacting with antibodies

Answer 51

Avidity