Antigen MHC

Question 1

Factors influencing the immune response

Answer 1

• age
• overall health
• dose
• route of inoculation

Question 2

What is the molecular weight or macromolecular size of an antigen to be an immunogen?

Answer 2

at least 10,000 delton

Question 3

considered as the best immunogenic
immunogens.

Answer 3

• protein
• polysaccharide or carbohydrate

Question 4

The more complex the structure is, the more
immunogenicity of that antigen. The lesser the
complex structure is, the lesser the immunogenicity.

Answer 4

molecular complexity

Question 5

It is the key determinant site

Answer 5

Epitope

Question 6

amino acids follows one another on a single chain.

Answer 6

Linear epitope

Question 7

results from the folding of
one chain or multiple chains, bringing certain amino acids from different segments of a linear sequence or
sequences into close proximity with each other so they can be recognized together

Answer 7

conformational epitope

Question 8

may react with
both linear and conformational epitopes present on the surface of an immunogen

Answer 8

B-cell

Question 9

recognize an epitope only as a part of a
complex formed with MHC proteins on the surface of an antigen presenting cell.

Answer 9

T cells

Question 10

non-immunogenic materials that, when
combined with a carrier create
new antigenic determinants

Answer 10

Haptens

Question 11

Rhus radicans contains chemical substances
called

Answer 11

catechols

Question 12

Examples of haptens

Answer 12

• poison ivy
• drug related

Question 13

Example of drug related - where there are low numbers of platelets

Answer 13

Drug induced thrombocytopenia

Question 14

conducted the study of haptens

Answer 14

Karl landsteiner

Question 15

What is the title of the book Karl Landsteiner written?

Answer 15

The Specificity of Serological
Reactions

Question 16

antigens that belong to the
host

Answer 16

Autoantigens

Question 17

Human body don’t tend to have immune
response to autoantigen. If that happens, the process is called

Answer 17

AUTOIMMUNITY

Question 18

It is from other members of the host’s species, and these are capable of eliciting an immune
response.

Answer 18

Alloantigens

Question 19

tissues and organs are transplanted to the same host

Answer 19

autograft

Question 20

example of autograft

Answer 20

severe burns and rhinoplasty

Question 21

came from different individual but fall on the same species

Answer 21

allograft

Question 22

example of allograft

Answer 22

kidney transplant

Question 23

also known as synograft

Answer 23

isograft

Question 24

derived from different class but identical individual

Answer 24

identical twins

Question 25

came from different species

Answer 25

hetrograft

Question 26

heterograft also known as

Answer 26

xenograft

Question 27

example of heterograft

Answer 27

heart transplant came from pig

Question 28

came from other animals , plants, microorganisms

Answer 28

heteroantigen

Question 29

came from other species like unrelated plants, animals

Answer 29

Heterophile antigen

Question 30

example of heterophile antigen

Answer 30

reaction to Anti-A antisera

Question 31

substance administered with an immunogen that increases the immune response.

Answer 31

adjuvants

Question 32

Example of adjuvants

Answer 32

- aluminum salts - freund's adjuvant

Question 33

It must be injected into the muscle to work

Answer 33

adjuvant

Question 34

the only ones approved for clinical use in the United States, and these are used to complex with the immunogen to increase its size and to prevent a rapid escape from the tissues.

Answer 34

Aluminum salts

Question 35

produces granulomas, or large areas of scar tissue, and thus is not used in humans

Answer 35

Freund's adjuvant

Question 36

Different effects of adjuvants

Answer 36

- stimulate b cells - stimulate t cells - stimulate phagocytic cells - increase processing of antigen - prevent rapid escape from the tissue

Question 37

Major Histocompatibility complex originally referred to as

Answer 37

Human Leukocyte Antigen

Question 38

Gene coding for the MHC molecules in humans are found in the

Answer 38

short arm of chromosome 6

Question 39

coded for at three different locations or loci.

Answer 39

Class I

Question 40

example of class I molecules

Answer 40

HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C

Question 41

situated in the D region, and there are several different loci.

Answer 41

Class II molecules

Question 42

located in between class I and Class II regions within the short arm of chromosomes 6.

Answer 42

Class III molecules

Question 43

Example of Class II molecule

Answer 43

DP, DQ, DR

Question 44

Example of Class III

Answer 44

C2, C4, factor B, and cytokines such as Tumor Necrosis Factor

Question 45

Found mostly on nucleated cells.

Answer 45

class I

Question 46

Found mostly on B cells, APCs

Answer 46

Class II

Question 47

Not expressed on the cell surfaces.

Answer 47

Class III

Question 48

Non-classical Class I

Answer 48

HLA-E, HLA-F HLA-G

Question 49

Non-classical Class II

Answer 49

HLA-DM, HLA-DN, HLA-DO

Question 50

alternate forms of a gene that code for slightly different varieties of the same product

Answer 50

alleles

Question 51

How many different alleles are there in HLA-A

Answer 51

580

Question 52

How many different alleles are there in HLA-B

Answer 52

921

Question 53

How many different alleles are there in HLA-C

Answer 53

312

Question 54

Since the MHC genes are closely linked, they are inherited together as a package called a

Answer 54

haplotype

Question 55

The have the same alleles

Answer 55

Homozygous

Question 56

Found on lymphocytes

Answer 56

MHC Class I

Question 57

MHC class I is made up of

Answer 57

Polypeptide chains

Question 58

MHC class II is made up of

Answer 58

two alpha chains and two beta chains.

Question 59

folded into three domains, α1, α2, and α3

Answer 59

Alpha chain

Question 60

does not penetrate the cell membrane, but it is essential for proper folding of the α chain

Answer 60

Beta 2 - microglobulin

Question 61

most polymorphic among the class II

Answer 61

DR

Question 62

main role of class I and class II

Answer 62

bind peptides within cells and transport them to plasma membrane

Question 63

Class I molecules mainly present peptides that have been synthesized within the cell to

Answer 63

CD8+ T cells

Question 64

Class II molecules mainly bind exogenous proteins and present it to

Answer 64

CD4+ T cell

Question 65

process those infection agents that attack from the inside

Answer 65

Class I

Question 66

Example of Class I that attack from the inside

Answer 66

viruses, tumors, parasites

Question 67

process those infection agents that attack from the outside

Answer 67

Class II

Question 68

Example of Class II that attack from the outside

Answer 68

Bacteria

Question 69

synthesized in the rough ER

Answer 69

Class I and Class II

Question 70

Calnexin also known as

Answer 70

Chaperone

Question 71

3 chaperone molecules

Answer 71

Calreticulin, tapasin, ERp67

Question 72

What are the transporting peptides?

Answer 72

TAP 1 and TAP 2

Question 73

steps in antigen presentation by MHC class I

Answer 73

1st step - digestion of early proteins carried out by proteases 2nd step - Once cleaved, peptides must be pumped into the lumen by specialized transporter proteins 3rd step - alpha-chain has bound the peptide and ready for the presentation to CD8+ T cells.

Question 74

pocket of enzyme

Answer 74

proteasome

Question 75

most potent activators of T cells, and they are excellent at capturing and digesting exogenous antigens such as bacteria.

Answer 75

Dendritic cells

Question 76

prevents interaction of the binding site with any endogenous peptides in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer 76

invariant chain

Question 77

Applications of MHC typing (HLA typing)

Answer 77

- tissue/organ transplantation - paternity testing - forensic medicine

Question 78

reactive arthritis

Answer 78

HLA-B27