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IMSE LEC PRELIM > Antigen MHC > Flashcards

Antigen MHC Flashcards

1
Q

Factors influencing the immune response

A
  • age
  • overall health
  • dose
  • route of inoculation
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2
Q

What is the molecular weight or macromolecular size of an antigen to be an immunogen?

A

at least 10,000 delton

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3
Q

considered as the best immunogenic
immunogens.

A
  • protein
  • polysaccharide or carbohydrate
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4
Q

The more complex the structure is, the more
immunogenicity of that antigen. The lesser the
complex structure is, the lesser the immunogenicity.

A

molecular complexity

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5
Q

It is the key determinant site

A

Epitope

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6
Q

amino acids follows one another on a single chain.

A

Linear epitope

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7
Q

results from the folding of
one chain or multiple chains, bringing certain amino acids from different segments of a linear sequence or
sequences into close proximity with each other so they can be recognized together

A

conformational epitope

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8
Q

may react with
both linear and conformational epitopes present on the surface of an immunogen

A

B-cell

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9
Q

recognize an epitope only as a part of a
complex formed with MHC proteins on the surface of an antigen presenting cell.

A

T cells

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10
Q

non-immunogenic materials that, when
combined with a carrier create
new antigenic determinants

A

Haptens

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11
Q

Rhus radicans contains chemical substances
called

A

catechols

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12
Q

Examples of haptens

A
  • poison ivy
  • drug related
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13
Q

Example of drug related - where there are low numbers of platelets

A

Drug induced thrombocytopenia

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14
Q

conducted the study of haptens

A

Karl landsteiner

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15
Q

What is the title of the book Karl Landsteiner written?

A

The Specificity of Serological
Reactions

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16
Q

antigens that belong to the
host

A

Autoantigens

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17
Q

Human body don’t tend to have immune
response to autoantigen. If that happens, the process is called

A

AUTOIMMUNITY

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18
Q

It is from other members of the host’s species, and these are capable of eliciting an immune
response.

A

Alloantigens

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19
Q

tissues and organs are transplanted to the same host

A

autograft

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20
Q

example of autograft

A

severe burns and rhinoplasty

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21
Q

came from different individual but fall on the same species

A

allograft

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22
Q

example of allograft

A

kidney transplant

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23
Q

also known as synograft

A

isograft

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24
Q

derived from different class but identical individual

A

identical twins

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25
Q

came from different species

A

hetrograft

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26
Q

heterograft also known as

A

xenograft

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27
Q

example of heterograft

A

heart transplant came from pig

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28
Q

came from other animals , plants, microorganisms

A

heteroantigen

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29
Q

came from other species like unrelated plants, animals

A

Heterophile antigen

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30
Q

example of heterophile antigen

A

reaction to Anti-A antisera

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31
Q

substance administered with an
immunogen that increases the immune response.

A

adjuvants

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32
Q

Example of adjuvants

A
  • aluminum salts
  • freund’s adjuvant
33
Q

It must be injected into the muscle to work

A

adjuvant

34
Q

the only ones approved for
clinical use in the United States, and these are used
to complex with the immunogen to increase its size
and to prevent a rapid escape from the tissues.

A

Aluminum salts

35
Q

produces granulomas, or large
areas of scar tissue, and thus is not used in
humans

A

Freund’s adjuvant

36
Q

Different effects of adjuvants

A
  • stimulate b cells
  • stimulate t cells
  • stimulate phagocytic cells
  • increase processing of antigen
  • prevent rapid escape from the tissue
37
Q

Major Histocompatibility complex originally referred to as

A

Human
Leukocyte Antigen

38
Q

Gene coding for the MHC molecules in humans are
found in the

A

short arm of chromosome 6

39
Q

coded for at three different locations or loci.

A

Class I

40
Q

example of class I molecules

A

HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C

41
Q

situated in the D region, and there are several
different loci.

A

Class II molecules

42
Q

located in between class I and Class II regions within
the short arm of chromosomes 6.

A

Class III molecules

43
Q

Example of Class II molecule

A

DP, DQ, DR

44
Q

Example of Class III

A

C2, C4, factor B, and cytokines such as Tumor Necrosis Factor

45
Q

Found mostly on nucleated cells.

A

class I

46
Q

Found mostly on B cells, APCs

A

Class II

47
Q

Not expressed on
the cell surfaces.

A

Class III

48
Q

Non-classical Class I

A

HLA-E, HLA-F HLA-G

49
Q

Non-classical Class II

A

HLA-DM, HLA-DN, HLA-DO

50
Q

alternate forms of a gene that code
for slightly different varieties of the same product

A

alleles

51
Q

How many different alleles are there in HLA-A

A

580

52
Q

How many different alleles are there in HLA-B

A

921

53
Q

How many different alleles are there in HLA-C

A

312

54
Q

Since the MHC genes are closely linked, they are
inherited together as a package called a

A

haplotype

55
Q

The have the same alleles

A

Homozygous

56
Q

Found on lymphocytes

A

MHC Class I

57
Q

MHC class I is made up of

A

Polypeptide chains

58
Q

MHC class II is made up of

A

two alpha chains and two beta chains.

59
Q

folded into three domains, α1, α2, and
α3

A

Alpha chain

60
Q

does not penetrate the cell
membrane, but it is essential for proper folding of
the α chain

A

Beta 2 - microglobulin

61
Q

most polymorphic among the class II

A

DR

62
Q

main role of class I and class II

A

bind peptides within cells and transport them to plasma membrane

63
Q

Class I molecules mainly present peptides that have
been synthesized within the cell to

A

CD8+ T cells

64
Q

Class II molecules mainly bind exogenous proteins
and present it to

A

CD4+ T cell

65
Q

process those infection agents that attack
from the inside

A

Class I

66
Q

Example of Class I that attack from the inside

A

viruses,
tumors, parasites

67
Q

process those infection agents that attack
from the outside

A

Class II

68
Q

Example of Class II that attack from the outside

A

Bacteria

69
Q

synthesized in the
rough ER

A

Class I and Class II

70
Q

Calnexin also known as

A

Chaperone

71
Q

3 chaperone molecules

A

Calreticulin, tapasin, ERp67

72
Q

What are the transporting peptides?

A

TAP 1 and TAP 2

73
Q

steps in antigen presentation by MHC class I

A

1st step - digestion of early proteins carried out by proteases
2nd step - Once cleaved, peptides must be pumped
into the lumen by specialized transporter proteins
3rd step - alpha-chain has bound the peptide and ready for the presentation to CD8+ T
cells.

74
Q

pocket of enzyme

A

proteasome

75
Q

most potent activators of T
cells, and they are excellent at capturing and
digesting exogenous antigens such as bacteria.

A

Dendritic cells

76
Q

prevents interaction of the
binding site with any endogenous peptides in the
endoplasmic reticulum.

A

invariant chain

77
Q

Applications of MHC typing (HLA typing)

A
  • tissue/organ transplantation
  • paternity testing
  • forensic medicine
78
Q

reactive arthritis

A

HLA-B27

79
Q
A

IMSE LEC PRELIM (5 decks)

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