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IMSE LEC PRELIM > LYMPHOID SYSTEM > Flashcards

LYMPHOID SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

structured to recognize,
respond to, and destroy a wide variety of invading organism that would otherwise be capable of promoting infections, harmful to the body

A

IMMUNE SYSTEM

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2
Q

ability of an individual to
resist infections by means of normally present body functions.

A

natural immunity

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3
Q

type of resistance that is
characterized by specificity for each individual pathogen, or microbial agent.

A

acquired immunity

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4
Q

represents 20-40% of the circulating
WBCs. Considered as the 2nd dominant circulating WBC in the bloodstream next to neutrophil.

A

lymphocytes

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5
Q

is sparse, containing few organelles and
no specific granules, and consists of a narrow ring surrounding the nucleus

A

Cytoplasm

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6
Q

Lymphocyte circulation is complex and is regulated by different cell surface adhesion molecules and by chemical messengers called

A

cytokines

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7
Q

it’s function is for maturation of the B cell and T cell

A

Primary Lymphoid organs

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8
Q

If the lymphocyte matured in the thymus the cell is known as

A

T-cell

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9
Q

Example of primary Lymphoid organs

A

Bone marrow, thymus

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10
Q

Example of secondary Lymphoid Organs

A

Spleen, lymph nodes, appendix, tonsils, peyer’s patches

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11
Q

further maturation, differentiation,
proliferation of T cells and B cells.

A

secondary lymphoid organ

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12
Q

fills the core of all long bones and is the
main source of hematopoietic stem cells, which develop into different cell types

A

bone marrow

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13
Q

what are the 3 major population of lymphocytes?

A

T cell, B cell, Natural Killer Cells

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14
Q

portal of entry for macrophages

A

mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue

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15
Q

an organ which is small, flat, bilobed organ found in the thorax, or chest cavity, right below the thyroid gland and overlying the heart.

A

thymus

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16
Q

Largest secondary lymphoid organ.

A

spleen

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17
Q

makes up more than one-half of the total volume, and its function is to destroy old red blood cells

A

red pulp

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18
Q

comprises approximately 20 percent of the total weight of the spleen and contains the lymphoid tissue, which is arranged around arterioles in a
periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS)

A

white pulp

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19
Q

occurs in the secondary tissue, but this is strictly
dependent on antigenic stimulation, while
formation of lymphocytes in the bone marrow is
antigen-independent

A

lymphopoiesis

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20
Q

When antigen entered the spleen, it will activate B cells and form a structure known as the

A

germinal center

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21
Q

Germinal center is also known as

A

Secondary follicle

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22
Q

The lymph fluid flows slowly through spaces called

A

sinuses

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23
Q

main function of lymph nodes

A

filtration

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24
Q

Contains macrophages and aggregations of B cells in primary follicles, follicular dendritic cells, secondary follicles (germinal center), plasma cells, and memory cells

A

cortex

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25
Q

T lymphocytes are in close proximity to antigen presenting cells called

A

interdigitating cells.

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26
Q

physiological mechanisms that endow the
animal with the capacity to recognize materials as foreign to itself and to neutralize, eliminate or metabolize them with or without injury to its own tissues.

A

immunity

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27
Q

Serves as an antigen trapping site. Increase the probability of an immune response

A

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

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28
Q

main source of hematopoietic stem cells, which develop into different cell types.

A

bone marrow

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29
Q

released from the marrow
and travel to additional primary lymphoid organs
where further maturation takes place.

A

Lymphocyte stem cells

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30
Q

T cells percentage

A

61-80%

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31
Q

B cells percentage

A

20%

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32
Q

Natural Killer Cells percentage

A

10-15%

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33
Q

predominant in the bone marrow compared
to other cells.

A

WBC

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34
Q

In thymus, what cell play a central role in this differentiation process.

A

epithelial cells

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35
Q

acquired as the lymphocytes travel from the cortex to the medulla

A

Surface antigens

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36
Q

2 major parts of thymus

A
  • cortex
  • medulla
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37
Q

What lymphocytes are released from the medulla

A

Mature T lymphocytes

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38
Q

Each of these lines has specific precursors that
originate from

A

Bone Marrow

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39
Q

characterized as a large discriminating filter,
as it removes old and damaged cells and foreign
antigens from the blood

A

Spleen

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40
Q

Splenic tissue can be divided into two main
types

A
  • red pulp
  • white pulp
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41
Q

It contains B cells that are not yet stimulated
by antigens.

A

primary follicles

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42
Q

What surrounds the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath or PALS

A

marginal zone

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43
Q

marginal zone contains _____ that trap antigen

A

dendritic cell

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44
Q

increases its diameter accumulate
more lymph fluid that contains antigen

A

Afferent lymphatic

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45
Q

decrease its diameter for better trapping of antigens

A

efferent
lymphatic

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46
Q

Accumulation of lymphocytes
and other cells causes the lymph nodes to become
enlarged, a condition known as

A

lymphadenopathy

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47
Q

Located along lymphatic ducts and serve as central
collecting points for lymph fluid from adjacent tissues.

A

Lymph Nodes

48
Q

Outermost region

A

Cortex

49
Q

Located between the cortex and medulla region

A

Paracortex

50
Q

contains inactivated B cells

A

Primary follicle

51
Q

contains activated B cells

A

Secondary follicle

52
Q

Less densely populated

A

Medulla

53
Q

located at the junction of the small and
large intestines

A

appendix

54
Q

Some T cells, B cells and numerous plasma cells are
found in this region.

A

medulla

55
Q

located at the lower ileum of
the intestinal tract

A

Peyer’s patches

56
Q

lymphoid tissue found in the mucous membrane lining of the oral and pharyngeal cavities.

A

tonsils

57
Q

Organs associated with MALT

A
  • appendix
  • tonsils
  • payer’s patches
58
Q

contains a number of intraepidermal
lymphocytes.

A

Epidermis

59
Q

differentiate into memory cells and plasma cells and are responsible for
Humoral immunity or antibody production

A

B cells

60
Q

play a role in Cell-mediated
immunity, and as such, they produce sensitized lymphocytes that secrete cytokines

A

Cell-mediated Immunity

61
Q

small polypeptides that
regulate the functions of lymphocytes and
other cells involved in the immune response

A

cytokines

62
Q

Proteins that appear on cell surfaces can be used as
markers to differentiate T cells and B cells

A

surface markers or surface markers on lymphocytes

63
Q

CD markers for Mature T cells

A

CD2, CD3, CD4 or 8

64
Q

CD markers for Mature B cells

A

CD19, CD21, CD23

65
Q

CD marker that was first discovered in Acute
Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

A

CD10

66
Q

First step is the rearrangement of genes that code for
the heavy and light chains of an antibody molecule.

A

Pro B cell

67
Q

The end result is a B lymphocyte programmed to
produce

A

antibody

68
Q

heavy chains are coded on

A

chromosome 14

69
Q

coded on chromosome 2

A

KAPPA light chain

70
Q

coded on chromosome 22

A

LAMBDA light chain

71
Q

The pro-B cell has distinctive markers that include
surface antigens

A

CD19, CD45R, CD43, CD24, and c-Kit.

72
Q

found in Intracellular proteins

A
  • terminal deoxyribonucleotide transferase
  • recombination-activating genes RAG-1 and RAG2
73
Q

immunoglobulin in pre b cell

A

IgM

74
Q

The first heavy chains synthesized are the __

A

mu chain

75
Q

What CD marker lose in pre b cell

A

CD43

76
Q

Pre-B cells may also express μ chains on the cell
surface, accompanied by an unusual light chain
molecule called

A

surrogate light chain

77
Q

surrogate light chain also known as

A

immature light chain

78
Q

The combination of the two heavy chains with the
surrogate light chains plus two very short chains form

A

pre-B cell receptor

79
Q

what cells can proceed to immature b cells?

A

pre-B cells expressing the mu
heavy chains

80
Q

Rearrangement of genetic sequence coding for light
chains on either chromosome 2 or 22

A

immature b cell

81
Q

μ chains are
no longer detectable in the cytoplasm

A

immature b cell

82
Q

surface marker that appear on the immature B
cell

A

CD21, CD40

83
Q

receptor to EBV

A

CD21

84
Q

where did immature B cells develop into mature
cells

A

spleen

85
Q

Other immature B cells become

A

follicular B cells

86
Q

Immunoglobulin in mature B cell

A

IgD

87
Q

B cell is stimulated by antigen, it undergoes
transformation to

A

blast stage

88
Q

The process of Blast stage forms memory cells and antibody secreting plasma cells is known as

A

antigen dependent phase

89
Q

CD marker that appears on both T cell and B cell

A

CD25

90
Q

CD23 acts as a receptor to which interleukin

A

Interleukin 2

91
Q

It is nondividing, and after several days
of antibody production, they die without further
proliferation.

A

Plasma cells

92
Q

Plasma cell has fully differentiated lymphocyte and has the function of

A

antibody production

93
Q

A significant selection process occurs as maturation
takes place

A

T lymphocyte

94
Q

thymus have two main
zones

A

Outer cortex – immature T cells
Inner medulla – mature T cells

95
Q

Interleukin associated with critical for growth
and differentiation.

A

Interleukin 7

96
Q

What are the cell included in Thymic stromal cells

A

epithelial cells,
macrophages, fibroblasts, and dendritic cells

97
Q

immature T cell
is both negative in CD4 and CD8 marker

A

double negative stage

98
Q

Rearrangement of the genes that code for the
antigen receptor known as

A

T cell receptor complex

99
Q

Signaling by the β chain also triggers the
thymocyte to become

A

CD4 and CD8 positive

100
Q

the complex that serves as the main part of
the T-cell antigen receptor.

A

CD3

101
Q

chains that are collectively known as CD3

A

epsilon, delta, gamma, zeta

102
Q

CD8+ T cells interact with antigen and MHC class ____

A

MHC class I

103
Q

responsible for presenting and
processing antigen to CD4+ T cells

A

MHC
class II protein.

104
Q

Third major subclass CD4+ T-Cell population

A

T regulatory cells

105
Q

CD marker for T regulatory cells

A

CD4 and CD25

106
Q

Plays an important role in suppressing the immune
response to self-antigen

A

T regulatory cells

107
Q

Third population lymphocytes

A

NATURAL KILLER CELLS

108
Q

These lymphocytes are generally larger than T cells
and B cells at approximately 15 μm in diameter, and
they contain kidney-shaped nuclei with condensed
chromatin and prominent nucleoli.

A

NKC

109
Q

A second method of destroying target cells is also
available to NK cells.

A

Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity

110
Q

antibody responsible for
ADCC of NK cell.

A

IgG

111
Q

Binding occurs through

A

CD16 and IgG

112
Q

identify cell size

A

Forward light scatter

113
Q

Lymphocytes are separated from whole blood
and then mixed with a suspension of sheep red
blood cells

A

rosette test

114
Q

An automated system for identifying cells based on
the scattering of light as cells flow in single file through
a laser beam

A

cell flow cytometry

115
Q

Fluorescent antibodies are used to screen of
subpopulation of T and B cells

A

cell flow cytometry

116
Q

Use monoclonal antibodies. Unknown antibody which is fixed

A

Direct immunofluorescence

117
Q

Use of unlabeled antibody. HAs a known antigen

A

Indirect immunofluorescense

IMSE LEC PRELIM (5 decks)

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