Antigen presentation

Question 1

Which virus(es) evade the immune system by antigenic variation?

Answer 1

Influenza, rhinovirus, HIV

Question 2

Which virus(es) evade the immune system by blockade of TAP transporter?

Answer 2

HSV

Question 3

Which virus(es) evade the immune system by removal of MHC class I molecules from the ER?

Answer 3

CMV

Question 4

Which virus(es) evade the immune system by production of “decoy” MHC molecules to inhibit NK cells?

Answer 4

CMV

Question 5

Which virus(es) evade the immune system by production of cytokine receptor homologs?

Answer 5

Vaccinia, poxviruses (IL-1, IFN-Y), CMV (chemokine)

Question 6

Which virus(es) evade the immune system by production of immunosuppressive cytokines?

Answer 6

EBV (IL-10)

Question 7

Which virus(es) evade the immune system by infection and death or functional impairment of immune cells?

Answer 7

HIV

Question 8

Which virus(es) evade the immune system by inhibition of complement activation through recruitment of factor H?

Answer 8

HIV

Question 9

Which virus(es) evade the immune system by inhibition of complement activation by incorporation of CD59 into viral envelope?

Answer 9

HIV, vaccinia, CMV

Question 10

Which virus(es) evade the immune system by inhibition of access to RIG-I RNA sensor?

Answer 10

Vaccinia, HIV

Question 11

Which virus(es) evade the immune system by inhibition of PKR (signaling by IFN receptor)?

Answer 11

HIV, HCV, HSV, polio

Question 12

What changes occur in dendritic cells upon activation?

Answer 12

Increased expression of CCR7
Increased expression of MHC Class II molecules with longer half-lives
Increased expression of molecules involved in T cell activation, including B7, ICAM-1, and IL-12
Decreased expression of molecules involved in antigen capture, including Fc and mannose receptors

Question 13

On which APCs is MHC class II expression constitutive?

Answer 13

B cells
Conventional DCs

Question 14

On which APCs is MHC class II expression low but inducible?

Answer 14

Macrophages
Vascular endothelium

Question 15

Which cell surface markers distinguish conventional from plasmacytoid DCs?

Answer 15

Conventional: CD11c, TLR 2-5, 8-9, 11
Plasmacytoid: CD11a/b, TLR 7,9

Question 16

What are the main function(s) of plasmacytoid DCs?

Answer 16

Major source of type 1 IFN
May transport antigen to the spleen

Question 17

What increases MHC class II expression in B cells?

Answer 17

IL-4, antigen receptor cross-linking, CD40-CD40L interactions

Question 18

What induces MHC class II expression in macrophages?

Answer 18

IFN-gamma, CD40-CD40L interactions

Question 19

What increases MHC class II expression in conventional DCs?

Answer 19

IFN-gamma, CD40-CD40L interactions

Question 20

What increases co-stimulator expression in B cells?

Answer 20

Antigen receptor cross-linking, CD40-CD40L interactions

Question 21

What increases co-stimulator expression in macrophages?

Answer 21

IFN-gamma, CD40-CD40L interactions, TLR signals

Question 22

What increases co-stimulator expression in DCs?