antihyperlipidemic therapies

Question 1

coronary heart disease causes what amount of deaths in us?

Answer 1

half

Question 2

incidence of chd correlates with what?

Answer 2

high levels of ldl, cholesterol, and triacylglycerols

low levels of hdl cholesterol

Question 3

risk factors for chd include?

Answer 3

cigarette smoking, htn, obesity, diabetes, family hx

Question 4

therapies aim to do what 3 things?

Answer 4

1. decrease carrier production
2. increase degradation
3. decrease absorption
4. increase removal

Question 5

Hyperlipidemias have been classified into __ major subtypes*
Coronary heart disease (CHD) causes ___ of all deaths in US
The most common types of hyperlipidemias involve elevated LDL (____)

Answer 5

HYPERLIPIDEMIA
Hyperlipidemias have been classified into 5 major subtypes*
Coronary heart disease (CHD) causes 1/2 of all deaths in US
The most common types of hyperlipidemias involve elevated LDL (IIa)

Question 6

build up of lipids on periphery or cornea

Answer 6

arcus sinilis

related to ldl (cholesterol)

Question 7

type 4 (VLDL)

Answer 7

triglycerol

Question 8

anti hyperlipidemic therapies

Answer 8

decrease carrier production
increase degradation
decrease absorption
increase removal

Question 9

lipids are not water soluble therefore

Answer 9

they need to be placed in something that is so they can float around (proteins); markers are on proteins

Question 10

site of cholesterol production

Answer 10

liver

Question 11

where do we absorb lipids?

Answer 11

GI

Question 12

where do we remove lipids?

Answer 12

packaged by liver –> deposited in bile pathway –> GI –> removed by feces

or

water soluble substance –> urine

Question 13

high lipid develop into

Answer 13

artherosclerosis

Question 14

high lipid is reflected in eye by what?

Answer 14

hollenhorst plaque

Question 15

which cholesterol is the good one?

Answer 15

hdl

Question 16

6 drug classes for antihyperlipidemic drug

Answer 16

HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)
Fibrates
Niacin
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors
Bile Acid Sequestrants
Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Question 17

3 most pops AHD classes?

Answer 17

HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)
Fibrates
Niacin

Question 18

best selling hmg coa reductase inhibitor

Answer 18

atorvastatin (lipitor)

Question 19

first hmg coa inhibitor on the market

Answer 19

lovastatin

Question 20

which drug: derived from red rice yeast –> fungus –> protects

Answer 20

lovastatin

Question 21

long acting hmg coa ri

Answer 21

atorvastatin

Question 22

short acting hmg coa ri

Answer 22

simvastatin; wont cause as many complications to bod

Question 23

INDICATION
Hyperlipidemia/CVD Prevention
DOSING [10-80mg]
1 tabs qd

Answer 23

ATORVASTATIN

Question 24

taken at night while body is at rest

Answer 24

atorvastatin

Question 25

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Antihyperlipidemic/Antidyslipidemic Mechanism of Action Competitively inhibits HMG-CoA Reductase which is responsible for an early, rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis Increases hepatic LDL receptors, enhancing catabolism

Answer 25

atorvastatin moa

Question 26

ocular side effect thats most criticized when taking statins

Answer 26

cataracts

Question 27

Common: nasopharyngitis, myalgia Skeletal: myopathy Hepatic: impaired function associated w/ elevated serum transaminase levels; jaundice CNS: amnesia Ocular: diplopia, ptosis, pseudo-CME, blurred vision, elevated IOP, intraocular hemorrhage, cataracts*

Answer 27

atorvastatin

Question 28

diabetics with statins

Answer 28

more at risk for developing cataracts

Question 29

least significant side effects of statins are:

Answer 29

simvastatin and pravastatin

Question 30

when taking atorvastatin with cyclocporine or if taken for a long time, whats a developed side effect?

Answer 30

muscle pain (myopathy exacerbation)

Question 31

2 types of fibrates

Answer 31

Fenofibrate [Tricor®, Lofibra®, Triglide®] | Gemfibrozil [Lopid®]

Question 32

top selling fibrate

Answer 32

fenofibrate

Question 33

INDICATION Hypertriglyceridemia, Hypercholesterolemia DOSING [48/145 mg] 48-145 mg qd

Answer 33

fenofibrate

Question 34

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Fibrates Mechanism of Action Stimulates nuclear receptor PPAR which modulates transcription of insulin sensitive genes in liver, muscle and adipose tissue Enhances HDL production; inhibits triglyceride synthesis and stimulates catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins

Answer 34

fenofibrate

Question 35

what insulin reponsible for?

Answer 35

pulling glucose out of blood; fat metabolism

Question 36

Nicotinic Acid [Vitamin B3, Niacin, Niaspan®, Slo-Niacin®]

Answer 36

niacin

Question 37

INDICATION Hypertriglyceridemia, Hypercholesterolemia, Mixed Dyslipidemia DOSING [50-1000 mg] 1500-3000 mg/d

Answer 37

niacin

Question 38

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Vitamins/Nutritionals Mechanism of Action Inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue, resulting in reduced hepatic VLDL synthesis and production of LDLs in the plasma

Answer 38

moa of niacin

Question 39

dose of niacin

Answer 39

1500-3000 mg/d **HUGE

Question 40

a pt is on glaucoma therapy, which drug is contraindicated due to additive hypotension

Answer 40

niacin