Antimicrobial 1

Question 1

Anti-staph

Answer 1

Nafcillin
Oxacillin
Methicillin

Question 2

Pen G used for

Answer 2

Gram (+) –> not S aureus
anaerobes
spirochetes
Neisseria

Question 3

Penicillin class that works on Pseudomonas

Answer 3

Piperacillin

Carboxypenicillin

Question 4

Standard treatment for Listeria meningitis

Answer 4

Ampicillin and amoxicilin

Question 5

Cephalosporins for Pseudomonas

Answer 5

Cefipime (4)

Ceftazdime (3)

Question 6

Cephalosporins used for CAP

Answer 6

Ceftriaxone
Cefotaxime

Cross BBB and cover S. pneumo and N. meningitidis

Question 7

Cephalosporins used for GI surgery prophylaxis

Answer 7

Cefotetan
Cefoxitin

Covers anaerobes and gram (-) rods

Question 8

Aztreonam effective against

Answer 8

aerobic gram (-)

Question 9

Why are aminoglycosides ineffective against anaerobes

Answer 9

require oxygen for uptake

Question 10

Imipenem requires what other drug?

Answer 10

cilastatin - dehydropeptidase inhibitor

prevents nephrotoxicity
increases concentration of imipenem in urine - can use for UTI

Question 11

Mechanism of resistance of vancomycin

Answer 11

mutation of D-alanine-D-alanine sequence at cell wall

Question 12

MoA of aminoglycosides

Answer 12

inhibit initiation during protein translation at 30S

Question 13

Mechanism of resistance to aminoglycosides

Answer 13

enzymatically inactivate aminoglycosides by conjugation

Question 14

Tetracycline eliminated by feces

Answer 14

doxycycline

Question 15

Tetracyclines taken on empty stomach because

Answer 15

can be chelated or inactivated

Question 16

Expired tetracyclines

Answer 16

Fanconi-like syndrome

Question 17

MoA of macrolides

Answer 17

inhibits translocation at 50s

Question 18

Mechanism of resistance against macrolides

Answer 18

methyltransferases alter drug-binding site at 50S

Question 19

Mechanism of action of clindamycin

Answer 19

blocks peptide bond formation at 50s

Question 20

Mechanism of action of linezolid

Answer 20

Blocks initiation of translation at 50S

Question 21

Linezolid treats what important diseases

Answer 21

VRSA
MRSA
VRE

Question 22

New class for VRSA and VRE that works by inhibiting protein synthesis

Answer 22

Streptogramins

Question 23

Mechanism of resistance to FQs

Answer 23

point mutations at DNA topoisomerase II

Question 24

FQs contraindicated in pregnant women and children due to

Answer 24

interference of cartilage formation

Cause tendonitis/rupture in elderly

Question 25

Two antibiotic drugs that act as p-aminobenzoic acid analogs

Answer 25

sulfonamides | dapsone

Question 26

DOC for simple recurrent UTI

Answer 26

TMP-SMX ciprofloxacin if sulfa allergy

Question 27

Sulfonamides in pregnancy

Answer 27

kernicterus | displace bilirubin from albumin

Question 28

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

Answer 28

trimethoprim

Question 29

Inhibits dihydropteroate synthase

Answer 29

sulfonamides

Question 30

Inhibits arabinosyl transferase

Answer 30

ethambutol

Question 31

Binds to RNA polymerase, blocking elongation of RNA

Answer 31

rifampin

Question 32

Leprosy drugs

Answer 32

dapsone rifampin clofazimine

Question 33

Prophylaxis for GBS culture positive at 35-37wks AOG

Answer 33

penicillin

Question 34

Treatment for tetanus

Answer 34

antitoxin +/- vaccine booster | diazepam for spasms

Question 35

Carbapenem with less risk of seizures than imipenem

Answer 35

meropenem