Antimicrobial Agents

Question 1

Give the 5 antimicrobial agents

Answer 1

1 Vancomycin (BC)
2 Aminoglycosides (BC)
3 Chloramphenicol (BS)
4 Sulfonamides (BS)
5 Quinolones (BC)

Question 2

Gives the 3 Anti TB Agent

Answer 2

1) Isoniazid
2) Rifampicin
3) Ethambutol

Question 3

Give the antifungal agents

Answer 3

I. Polyene Antibiotics:
1 Nystatin
2. Amphotericin B

II. Imidazole:
1 Miconazole
2 Clotrimazole
3 Ketoconazole

Question 4

Give 3 Antiviral agents

Answer 4

1) Zidovudine (AZT)
2) Interferon
3) Acyclovir

Question 5

Treats CSC
1cold sores around mouth (caused by herpes simplex)
2shingles (caused by herpes zoster) & 3chickenpox

Answer 5

ACYCLOVIR

Question 6

Example: Zovirax

Answer 6

ACYCLOVIR

Question 7

Frontline Defenders against viral infection

Primary function locally restrict viral propagation

Answer 7

INTERFERON

Question 8

Interferon: Clinical Use: treat viral infections HACK HG

Answer 8

1Hepatitis C 4Kaposis sarcoma
2Autoimmune disease (multiple sclerosis) 5Hairy cell leukemia
3Cancers (non Hodgkin lymphoma) 6Genital warts

Question 9

Management & treatment of HIV-1
(not a cure for HIV infection)

Pregnant women/Newborns: prevent passing HIV virus to baby/newborns (Mother-Baby)

Answer 9

ZIDOVUDINE (AZT)

Question 10

treats diff types of fungal infections (AD)
1Athletes foot 2Dandruff

Answer 10

KETOCONAZOLE

Question 11

treatment & management of mucocutaneous
& oropharyngeal candidiasis

Answer 11

KETOCONAZOLE

Question 12

local treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis

Answer 12

CLOTRIMAZOLE

Question 13

KETOCONAZOLE dose

Answer 13

Adult: 200 - 400 mg daily / 2 weeks

Child: 3.3 - 6.6 mg / kg / daily

Question 14

For DENTURE STOMATITS
* nystatin ointment 100k U/g applied topically
* every 6 hrs to tissue surface on dentures

Answer 14

Nystatin

Question 15

Nystatin should be applied every ____ for denture stomatitis

Answer 15

6 hrs

Question 16

treat candida infections of VSIM: vagina, skin, intestinal tract & mucosa

Answer 16

NYSTATIN

Question 17

systemic fungal infection

Answer 17

Amphotericin B

Question 18

1st Two (2) Months: _____; Four Months _____

Answer 18

(1) Pyrazinamide; (2) Rifampicin & Isoniazid

Question 19

Treatment Regime of Rifampicin

Answer 19

• total duration = 6 mos
• eradicating TB = 83% effectiveness

Question 20

a pillar in multi drug treatment of drug susceptible TB caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT)

Answer 20

RIFAMPICIN

Question 21

1. Peripheral Neuropathy
   can be prevented by administration of Vitamin B6
2. Dark urine & Yellowing of eyes or skin (sign of liver prob)
   more likely to occur in px over 50 yrs of age

Answer 21

Isoniazid

Question 22

___ taken to prevent Peripheral Neuropathy

Answer 22

Vitamin B6

Question 23

very safe antibiotic, don’t cause serious or life-threatening AR

Answer 23

Fluoroquinolones

Question 24

1Ciprofloxacin | 2Norfloxacin

Answer 24

QUINOLONES

Question 25

treatment of selected community acquire & nosocomial infections (superinfection, HAP)

Answer 25

QUINOLONES

Question 26

May make your skin more sensitive to the sun

Answer 26

Sulfonamides

Question 27

Exposure to sunlight, even for brief period may cause

Answer 27

1 rash 2 itching 3 redness or other discoloration of skin 4 severe sunburn

Question 28

Sulfonamides prescribed to treat the ff:

Answer 28

1Urinary Tract Infection 4Skin, Eye, Vaginal Infections 2Inflammatory Bowl Disease 5Burns 3Malaria

Question 29

help produce folic acid (what bacteria needs to proliferate, for the development of spinal column)

Answer 29

DHPS (dihydropteroate synthase)

Question 30

always almost related to allergic reaction, high chance of allergic reaction

Answer 30

PABA

Question 31

cannot be classified as antibiotic = not produced by living organism

Answer 31

SULFONAMIDES

Question 32

Grey Baby Syndrome is characterized by

Answer 32

1 Abdominal distention 2 Hemodynamic collapse 3 Ashen gray skin discoloration in neonates

Question 33

Most serious AR of Chloramphenicol

Answer 33

1 Aplastic anemia 2 Bone marrow suppression

Question 34

Inhibiting protein synthesis by binging 50s ribosomal subunit

Answer 34

Chloramphenicol

Question 35

treatment of TC: typhoid & cholera

Answer 35

CHLORAMPHENICOL

Question 36

Toxic to eight cranial nerve (can lead) = to auditory & vestibular disturbances

Answer 36

AMINOGLYCOSIDES

Question 37

NANO means

Answer 37

1 Neurotoxicity 2 Allergic reactions 3 Nephrotoxicity 4 Ototoxicity

Question 38

AMINO means

Answer 38

A: Against Aerobic (-) gram negatives M: Mainly bactericidal I: Inhibit protein synthesis at 30s subunit N: Nephrotoxic (damages kidney) O: Ototoxic (damages hearing, ringing effect)

Question 39

TANGS means

Answer 39

Tobramycin Amikacin Neomycin Gentamycin Streptomycin

Question 40

Staphylococcal Infections example

Answer 40

1 Septicemia 2 Skin & Soft tissue infections 3 Bone infections 4 Lower respiratory tract infections

Question 41

“histamine induced facial & neck flushing”

Answer 41

Red Neck Syndrome

Question 42

Symptoms of Red Neck Syndrome

Answer 42

1 Chills 2 Shock 3 Urticaria 4 Rashes 5 Fever