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Pharmacology > Finals > Flashcards

Finals Flashcards

1
Q

Importance of Anti-Infectives

A

Revolutionized, Treat, Give & Perform…

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2
Q

Antti infectives: How do microorganisms cause infection?

A
  1. Virulence of Microorganisms
  2. Number of Organisms present
  3. Resistant of Host
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3
Q

clinical situation requires the use of antibiotic for prevention than treatment of infection

A

Prophylactic Antibiotic

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4
Q

clinical situation requires the use of antibiotic for prevention than treatment of infection

A

Prophylactic Antibiotic

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5
Q
  1. ______ Antibiotic: prevention; 2. _________ Antibitoic: curing particular disease
A
  1. Prophylactic; 2. Therapeutic
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6
Q

Conditions for using prophylactic antibiotic

A

1) For pretreatment of patients undergoing dental extraction w implanted prosthetic device
(artificial heart valve - prevent seeding of prosthesis)
2) For patients w history of rheumatic heart disease or congetical heart disease
(cannot be treated w/o med clearance)
3) For prophylaxis against infective endocarditis

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7
Q

Antibiotic for caries

A

Vancomycin & Kanamycin

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8
Q

Organism responsible for Caries

A

Streptococcus Mutans

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9
Q

In gingivitis, there is an increase in gram-negative microorganisms in form of _______

A

Bacteriodes, Haemophilus, Fusobactrium

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10
Q

Antibiotic for ANUG (___________)

A

acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
1 penicillin, 3 metronidazole
2 tetracycline 4 clindamycin

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11
Q

Antibiotic for LJP (___________)

A

localized juvenille periodonditis has (-) actinomycetin-comitans
1 tetracycline
2 minocycline

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12
Q

Antibiotic of choice oral infections

A

Penicillin V

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13
Q

Oral Infections examples:

A

1 Osteomyelitis
2 Soft Tissue Infections
3 Abscess

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14
Q

FACTORS INVOLVED IN APPROPRIATE SELECTION OF ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS:

A

1) Microorganism must be isolated & identified (culture & swab)
2) Microogranism’s susceptibility to the drug
3) Location of infection
4) Cost of drug, adverse effect (possibility: pt allergic reaction)

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15
Q

WHEN DO YOU GIVE ANTIBIOTIC?

A

If symptoms are fever, body malaise & lymphadenopathy

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16
Q

procedure of lymphadenopathy

A

palpation of lymph nodes,
swollen glands or swelling of the lymph nodes

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17
Q

In prophylactic indication, oral pen is given if allergic (1) ________; parenteral ampicillin + gentamycin if allergy ((2) _________.

A

(1) Erythromycin, (2) Vancomycin

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18
Q

In prophylactic indication, healthy indiv w infection

A

Without high risk

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19
Q

In prophylactic indication, Indiv w medical conditions or medically compromised

A

With high risk

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20
Q

In prophylactic indication, medication given for w/o high risk is

A

oral pen, erythromycin

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21
Q

In prophylactic indication, medication given for w high risk is

A

ampicillin + gentamycin, vancomycin

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22
Q

Therapeutic indication, the px best defense against pathogen is ______

A

Host respone

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23
Q

Infection according to therapeutic indication, localized infection should be ____

A

drained

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24
Q

____ is used for rapidly spreading infection of therapeutic indication

A

Treated w anti microbial agents

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25
Q

_____ & _____ of etiologic microorganisms produce an infection

A

Virulence & Invasiveness

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26
Q

Refers to species of organism affected by the drug (susceptibility of the microorganism to the drug)

A

Therapeutic spectra

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27
Q

_____ fast killing; ______ slow killing

A

Bactericidal; Bacteriostatic

28
Q

act on only a single or limited grp of m (given first)

A

Narrow spectrum

29
Q

effective against (-) & (+)

A

Extended spectrum

30
Q

(+) & significant num of (-)

A

Broad spectrum

31
Q

Duration of dosage is based on ________ & _______.

A

the type of organisms & severity of the infection

32
Q

Give 2 duration of dosage

A

(1) A pt should be given a sufficient amount of anti infectives to last for 2 days (48 hrs) after resolution of symptoms of infections or after symptoms are absent
* It is given for 7 days because the resolution is on 5 days where symptoms would start

(2) Anti infective chosen should be given long enough to cure the original infection BUT not so long as to produce SSD
* Side effects (e.g. nausea, acid reflux, diarrhea, fungal infect)
* Suprainfection, Developmental of resistant organism

33
Q

Dental infection w/o complication

A

5 - 7 days

34
Q

B hemolytic strep(infection on throat)

A

10 days

35
Q

Immuno-compromised host

A

2 weeks theraphy

36
Q

antibiotics should be continued for at least 14 days; absent fever & tenderness; drainage: ceased

A

Osteomyelitis

37
Q

Best treated w Penicillin for an additional 10 days after all the symptoms are gone.

A

BETA-HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI

38
Q

Treatment for hypersensitivity reaction (urticaria - anaphylactic shock)

A

parenteral administration epinepherine

39
Q

Choose: Immediate, Accelerated, Late

serum sickness & laryngeal edema

A

Accelerated

40
Q

Choose: Immediate, Accelerated, Late

rashes & oral lesion, stomatitis, cheilosis, furred tongue

A

Late

41
Q

Choose: Immediate, Accelerated, Late

presents the most serious danger to pt

A

Immediate

42
Q

Choose: Immediate, Accelerated, Late

3 or more day

A

Late

43
Q

Choose: Immediate, Accelerated, Late

2 - 48 hrs

A

Accelerated

44
Q

Drug loses its effectiveness due to (1) (2)

A

(1) Indiscriminate use
(2) Unnecessary exposure

45
Q

resistance where there is lack the metabolic process or target site (affected by the particular drug)

A

Natural resistance

46
Q

resistance developed resistance of organism due to use of AMA over a period of time

A

Acquired Resistance

47
Q

Antibiotic that is toxic at therapeutic dose is ______, & under ______ toxicity

A

Amphotericin, Pooor Selective

48
Q

Penicillin is high selective toxicity or ____

A

good therapeutic index

49
Q

selectively suppress the growth or kill other microorganisms at very low concentrations.

A

Antibiotic

50
Q

reaction of tissues to their presence (pm) & to toxins

A

Infection

51
Q

caused by proliferation of microorganisms different from those causing original infection

A

Superinfection

52
Q

invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms

A

Infection

53
Q

Common organisms of superinfection

A

1 Clostridium difficile
2 MDR (-) rods
3 MRSA
4 Candida / fungi

54
Q

PROCESS OF SUPERINFECTION

A

1) Normal microbiota keeps oppoturistic pathogens in check
2) Broad spectrum antibiotic kills non resistant cells
3) Drug resistant pathogens proliferate & cause superinfection

55
Q

Antibacterial Drugs are designed to kill bacteria
but no drug kills all bacteria

A

True

56
Q

To treat infections whenever possible broad spectrum antimicrobial drug should be selected

A

Narrow & Specific spectrum, False

57
Q

causes some alteration in the normal microbial flora of the body

A

Antimicrobial Agent (AMA)

58
Q

more prone than amoxicillin to cause superinfection diarrheas

A

Ampicillin

59
Q

test that kills 99.9% of inoculum

A

Minimum Bactericidal Concentration

60
Q

gold standard in identification of organism

A

Culture test

61
Q

test: antibiotic concentration prevents growth of culture

A

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration

62
Q

Give the 3 senstivity test

A

1 Minimum Inhibitory Concentration
2 Minimum Bactericidal Concentration
3 Disk Diffusion Methodg

63
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF ANTI INFECTIVES

A

1 Chemical Structure 4 Spectrum of Activity
2 Mechanism of Action 5 Type of Action
3 Type of Organism 6 Source

64
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF ANTI INFECTIVES

A

1 Chemical Structure 4 Spectrum of Activity
2 Mechanism of Action 5 Type of Action
3 Type of Organism 6 Source

65
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF ANTI INFECTIVES

A

1 Chemical Structure 4 Spectrum of Activity
2 Mechanism of Action 5 Type of Action
3 Type of Organism 6 Source

Pharmacology (3 decks)

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