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Pharmacology > Finals > Flashcards

Finals Flashcards

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1
Q

Importance of Anti-Infectives

A

Revolutionized, Treat, Give & Perform…

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2
Q

Antti infectives: How do microorganisms cause infection?

A
  1. Virulence of Microorganisms
  2. Number of Organisms present
  3. Resistant of Host
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3
Q

clinical situation requires the use of antibiotic for prevention than treatment of infection

A

Prophylactic Antibiotic

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4
Q

clinical situation requires the use of antibiotic for prevention than treatment of infection

A

Prophylactic Antibiotic

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5
Q
  1. ______ Antibiotic: prevention; 2. _________ Antibitoic: curing particular disease
A
  1. Prophylactic; 2. Therapeutic
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6
Q

Conditions for using prophylactic antibiotic

A

1) For pretreatment of patients undergoing dental extraction w implanted prosthetic device
(artificial heart valve - prevent seeding of prosthesis)
2) For patients w history of rheumatic heart disease or congetical heart disease
(cannot be treated w/o med clearance)
3) For prophylaxis against infective endocarditis

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7
Q

Antibiotic for caries

A

Vancomycin & Kanamycin

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8
Q

Organism responsible for Caries

A

Streptococcus Mutans

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9
Q

In gingivitis, there is an increase in gram-negative microorganisms in form of _______

A

Bacteriodes, Haemophilus, Fusobactrium

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10
Q

Antibiotic for ANUG (___________)

A

acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
1 penicillin, 3 metronidazole
2 tetracycline 4 clindamycin

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11
Q

Antibiotic for LJP (___________)

A

localized juvenille periodonditis has (-) actinomycetin-comitans
1 tetracycline
2 minocycline

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12
Q

Antibiotic of choice oral infections

A

Penicillin V

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13
Q

Oral Infections examples:

A

1 Osteomyelitis
2 Soft Tissue Infections
3 Abscess

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14
Q

FACTORS INVOLVED IN APPROPRIATE SELECTION OF ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS:

A

1) Microorganism must be isolated & identified (culture & swab)
2) Microogranism’s susceptibility to the drug
3) Location of infection
4) Cost of drug, adverse effect (possibility: pt allergic reaction)

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15
Q

WHEN DO YOU GIVE ANTIBIOTIC?

A

If symptoms are fever, body malaise & lymphadenopathy

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16
Q

procedure of lymphadenopathy

A

palpation of lymph nodes,
swollen glands or swelling of the lymph nodes

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17
Q

In prophylactic indication, oral pen is given if allergic (1) ________; parenteral ampicillin + gentamycin if allergy ((2) _________.

A

(1) Erythromycin, (2) Vancomycin

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18
Q

In prophylactic indication, healthy indiv w infection

A

Without high risk

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19
Q

In prophylactic indication, Indiv w medical conditions or medically compromised

A

With high risk

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20
Q

In prophylactic indication, medication given for w/o high risk is

A

oral pen, erythromycin

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21
Q

In prophylactic indication, medication given for w high risk is

A

ampicillin + gentamycin, vancomycin

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22
Q

Therapeutic indication, the px best defense against pathogen is ______

A

Host respone

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23
Q

Infection according to therapeutic indication, localized infection should be ____

A

drained

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24
Q

____ is used for rapidly spreading infection of therapeutic indication

A

Treated w anti microbial agents

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25
_____ & _____ of etiologic microorganisms produce an infection
Virulence & Invasiveness
26
Refers to species of organism affected by the drug (susceptibility of the microorganism to the drug)
Therapeutic spectra
27
_____ fast killing; ______ slow killing
Bactericidal; Bacteriostatic
28
act on only a single or limited grp of m (given first)
Narrow spectrum
29
effective against (-) & (+)
Extended spectrum
30
(+) & significant num of (-)
Broad spectrum
31
Duration of dosage is based on ________ & _______.
the type of organisms & severity of the infection
32
Give 2 duration of dosage
(1) A pt should be given a sufficient amount of anti infectives to last for 2 days (48 hrs) after resolution of symptoms of infections or after symptoms are absent * It is given for 7 days because the resolution is on 5 days where symptoms would start (2) Anti infective chosen should be given long enough to cure the original infection BUT not so long as to produce SSD * Side effects (e.g. nausea, acid reflux, diarrhea, fungal infect) * Suprainfection, Developmental of resistant organism
33
Dental infection w/o complication
5 - 7 days
34
B hemolytic strep(infection on throat)
10 days
35
Immuno-compromised host
2 weeks theraphy
36
antibiotics should be continued for at least 14 days; absent fever & tenderness; drainage: ceased
Osteomyelitis
37
Best treated w Penicillin for an additional 10 days after all the symptoms are gone.
BETA-HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI
38
Treatment for hypersensitivity reaction (urticaria - anaphylactic shock)
parenteral administration epinepherine
39
Choose: Immediate, Accelerated, Late serum sickness & laryngeal edema
Accelerated
40
Choose: Immediate, Accelerated, Late rashes & oral lesion, stomatitis, cheilosis, furred tongue
Late
41
Choose: Immediate, Accelerated, Late presents the most serious danger to pt
Immediate
42
Choose: Immediate, Accelerated, Late 3 or more day
Late
43
Choose: Immediate, Accelerated, Late 2 - 48 hrs
Accelerated
44
Drug loses its effectiveness due to (1) (2)
(1) Indiscriminate use (2) Unnecessary exposure
45
resistance where there is lack the metabolic process or target site (affected by the particular drug)
Natural resistance
46
resistance developed resistance of organism due to use of AMA over a period of time
Acquired Resistance
47
Antibiotic that is toxic at therapeutic dose is ______, & under ______ toxicity
Amphotericin, Pooor Selective
48
Penicillin is high selective toxicity or ____
good therapeutic index
49
selectively suppress the growth or kill other microorganisms at very low concentrations.
Antibiotic
50
reaction of tissues to their presence (pm) & to toxins
Infection
51
caused by proliferation of microorganisms different from those causing original infection
Superinfection
52
invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms
Infection
53
Common organisms of superinfection
1 Clostridium difficile 2 MDR (-) rods 3 MRSA 4 Candida / fungi
54
PROCESS OF SUPERINFECTION
1) Normal microbiota keeps oppoturistic pathogens in check 2) Broad spectrum antibiotic kills non resistant cells 3) Drug resistant pathogens proliferate & cause superinfection
55
Antibacterial Drugs are designed to kill bacteria but no drug kills all bacteria
True
56
To treat infections whenever possible broad spectrum antimicrobial drug should be selected
Narrow & Specific spectrum, False
57
causes some alteration in the normal microbial flora of the body
Antimicrobial Agent (AMA)
58
more prone than amoxicillin to cause superinfection diarrheas
Ampicillin
59
test that kills 99.9% of inoculum
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration
60
gold standard in identification of organism
Culture test
61
test: antibiotic concentration prevents growth of culture
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration
62
Give the 3 senstivity test
1 Minimum Inhibitory Concentration 2 Minimum Bactericidal Concentration 3 Disk Diffusion Methodg
63
CLASSIFICATION OF ANTI INFECTIVES
1 Chemical Structure 4 Spectrum of Activity 2 Mechanism of Action 5 Type of Action 3 Type of Organism 6 Source
64
CLASSIFICATION OF ANTI INFECTIVES
1 Chemical Structure 4 Spectrum of Activity 2 Mechanism of Action 5 Type of Action 3 Type of Organism 6 Source
65
CLASSIFICATION OF ANTI INFECTIVES
1 Chemical Structure 4 Spectrum of Activity 2 Mechanism of Action 5 Type of Action 3 Type of Organism 6 Source

Pharmacology (3 decks)

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