Antimicrobial Agents

Question 1

Aminoglycosides Mode of Action

Answer 1

• inhibition of protein synthesis

- > streptomycin and neomycin

Question 2

Sulphonamides Mode of Action

Answer 2

• interference with DNA synthesis by blocking folic acid production
• > sulphamezathine and sulphamethoxazole

Question 3

Vancomycin Mode of Action

Answer 3

• inhibition of cell wall synthesis

Question 4

Antibiotic given to animals when none are showing clinical signs. When disease is likely to occur

Answer 4

• disease prevention

Question 5

Innate or natural AMR

Answer 5

• Intrinsic AMR

Question 6

Microbe/bacteria is able to grow in the presence of antimicrobial that would normally kill/inhibit its growth

Answer 6

• antimicrobial resistance (resistance of bacteria to antibiotics)

Question 7

Antibiotics given to animals showing clinical signs of disease

Answer 7

• disease treatment

Question 8

Antibiotic susceptibility testing method that is less expensive, easy to use, interpret and customize

Answer 8

• disc diffusion assay (kirby-bauer)

Question 9

Infection can be appropriately treated with recommended antibiotic in a species, at correct dose and duration

Answer 9

• susceptible

Question 10

Bacteria change to protect it from antibiotic

Answer 10

• Acquired AMR

Question 11

Tetracyclines Mode of Action

Answer 11

• inhibition of protein synthesis

- > oxytetracycline and doxycycline

Question 12

Goal is to use suitable antibiotic for effective treatment and clinical success

Answer 12

• antibiotic susceptibility testing

Question 13

Kills bacterial cells in growth phase

Answer 13

• bactericidal

Question 14

Nitrofurans Mode of Action

Answer 14

• inhibition of protein synthesis

- > nitrofurantoin

Question 15

Infection may be treated were antibiotic reaches physiological concentration or when higher dose is used

Answer 15

• intermediate

Question 16

Drugs not used in accordance with the label

Answer 16

• Extra-label drug use

Question 17

Antibiotics given to a set of animals when other animals in the group are showing clinical signs

Answer 17

• disease control

Question 18

Novobiocin Mode of Action

Answer 18

• interference with DNA gyrase

Question 19

Natural or synthetic substances that kill or inhibit growth of microbes

Answer 19

• antimicrobial agents

Question 20

B-Lactam Antibiotics Mode of Action

Answer 20

• inhibition of cell wall synthesis

- > penicillins and Cephalosporins

Question 21

Efflux pump and G-negative bacteria

Answer 21

• intrinsic AMR main mechanisms

Question 22

Requires written permission from licensed veterinarian and includes medically important antibiotics used in water for food producing animals

Answer 22

• veterinary prescription

Question 23

Quinolones Mode of Action

Answer 23

• interference with DNA gyrase

- > nalidixic acid and enrofloxacin

Question 24

Antibiotic susceptibility testing method that has few CLSI approved discs for vet use and is qualitative

Answer 24

• disc diffusion assay (kirby-bauer)

Question 25

Chloramphenicol Mode of Action

Answer 25

- inhibition of protein synthesis

Question 26

Antibiotic susceptibility testing method that is similar to broth dilution but uses agar

Answer 26

- Agar dilution

Question 27

Inhibits bacterial growth in stationary phase

Answer 27

- bacteriostatic

Question 28

Bacteria not inhibited or killed by normal dose or clinical efficacy is not reliable in treatment studies

Answer 28

- resistant

Question 29

Are antibiotics approved for growth?

Answer 29

- NO

Question 30

Antibiotic susceptibility testing method that is quantitative and determines MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration - the lowest concentration that completely inhibits bacterial growth)

Answer 30

- Broth dilution | - > more expensive

Question 31

Clients can buy and use without veterinary oversight?

Answer 31

- over the counter

Question 32

Change structure of target sites, protect drug target sites and produce enzymes that inactivate or modify antibiotic

Answer 32

- acquired AMR main mechanisms

Question 33

Medicated feeds that require written authorization from licensed veterinarian

Answer 33

- veterinary feed directive (VFD) drugs

Question 34

Antimicrobial Stewardship

Answer 34

- appropriate antibiotic use | - > right time, right dose and right duration

Question 35

Encoded by genes located on chromosomes or plasmids. Can be intrinsic or acquired

Answer 35

- Antimicrobial resistance mechanisms