antimicrobial res

Question 1

what is the key global health challenge

Answer 1

antimicrobial res

Question 2

• when does this occur?

Answer 2

when microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites) resist
the effects of medications.

Question 3

how does it develop

Answer 3

Genetic changes in microorganisms, accelerated by misuse of antimicrobials.

Question 4

consequences

Answer 4

Ineffective treatments, prolonged illnesses, higher mortality.

Question 5

key causes of it

Answer 5

1. Overuse/misuse in healthcare, agriculture.
   2. Poor infection control.

Question 6

global health impact of it

Answer 6

1. Complicates treatment of infectious diseases.
2. Increases healthcare costs and risk

Question 7

Antimicrobial resistance worsens in war zones due to :

Answer 7

• High Dependency on Antibiotics in Combat Injuries
• challenges with Environmental Contaminants:
• AMR cross-infection from environmental and nosocomial (hospital acquired) pathogens.
• Higher AMR rates in migrant / refugee population
• Destruction or disruption of healthcare facilities and medical supply chains.
• Limited access to quality healthcare and appropriate antibiotics.

Question 8

High Dependency on Antibiotics in Combat Injuries: how?

Answer 8

Combat injuries often require surgery with pre- and post-operative antibiotics.

Question 9

challenges with Environmental Contaminants:

Answer 9

War wounds often contaminated with environmental bacteria, dust, soil, and metals e.g., explosive remnants contaminate environments with PAHs and heavy metals. Such contamination promotes multidrug bacterial resistance through gene transfer and mutations.