Antimicrobials

Question 1

ATB that work on Gram (+)

Answer 1

Lincomycines, macrolides, glycopeptides

Question 2

ATB that are Gram (-/+)

Answer 2

PCN, cephalosporins, carbapenems, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, fluoroquineolones

Question 3

ATB gram (-) only

Answer 3

Aminoclycosides

Question 4

PCN MOA and S/E

Answer 4

-cillin
MOA: cell wall synthesis, bactericidal
SE: anaphylaxis (beta lactam ring = maculopapular rash, fever)

Question 5

cephalosporins MOA and S/E

Answer 5

Cefazolin, cefoxitin, cefotaxime
MOA: cell wall synthesis, bactericidal
SE: anaphylaxis (beta lactam ring), ↓dose w/ renal dz

Question 6

carbapenems MOA and S/E

Answer 6

-penem
MOA: cell wall synthesis
SE: anaphylaxis (beta lactam ring)

Question 7

lincomycines MOA and S/E

Answer 7

Clindamycin
MOA: 50s inhibitors (protein synthesis), bacteriostatic
SE: pseudomembranous colitis, prolongs NMB

Question 8

Aminoglycosides MOA and S/E

Answer 8

-mycin
MOA: bactericidal
SE: ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, paresis, prolongs NDNMB

Question 9

Tetracyclines MOA and S/E

Answer 9

Tetracycline, doxycycline
MOA: 30s inhibitors (protein synthesis), bacteriostatic
SE: GI distress, photosensitivity, hepatic/renal tox, discolor teeth, avoid in OB/ped

Question 10

Macrolides MOA and S/E

Answer 10

Erythromycin, azithromycin
MOA: 50s inhibitors (protein synthesis), bacteriostatic
SE: ↑QTc, ↑LES, ↑GI motility

Question 11

Glycopeptides MOA and S/E

Answer 11

Vanco, -planin
MOA: cell wall synthesis
SE: ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, anaphylactoid, vanc = red-man syndrome (histamine release = facial/truncal erythema, HoTN)

Question 12

Sulfonamides MOA and S/E

Answer 12

sulfa-
MOA: folic acid metabolism, bacteriostatic
SE: skin rash (anaphylaxis, cross sensitivity), ↑effect of PO anticoag, hypoglycemic, thiazides & loop diuretics

Question 13

Fluoroquinolines MOA and S/E

Answer 13

-floxacin
MOA: inhibit enzymes involved in bacterial DNA synthesis
SE: ↓dose w/ renal dz

Question 14

Inhibits cell wall synthesis

Answer 14

-PCN
-Carbenicillin
-Glycopeptides (vanco)
-Cephalosporins

Question 15

Bacteriostatic

Answer 15

Sulfonamindes
Tetracyclines
Macrolides
Lincomycins

Question 16

Bactericidal

Answer 16

B-lactams
Aminoglycosides
Glycopeptides
Cephalosporins

Question 17

First generation antimicrobial

Answer 17

Cefazolin
-Targets Gram+
-Modest gram -
-Commonly used for sx prophylaxis

Question 18

Second Generation Antimicrobial

Answer 18

Cefoxitin
-gram +
-↑ gram -
-used for colorectal sx

Question 19

Third Generation Antimicrobial

Answer 19

Cefotaxime
-less gram +
-much more gram -