Diuretics

Question 1

● Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetazolamide) MOA

Answer 1

MOA: binds to CA in PCT = inhibit HCO3 reabsorb

Question 2

● Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetazolamide) S/E and Other consideration

Answer 2

○ SE: met acid (H retained), alk urine, ↓K
○ HCO3 loss may exacerbate resp acid (COPD pts = CNS depression)

Question 3

● Loop (furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide, ethacrynic acid) MOA and where

Answer 3

○ MOA: block Na/K/2Cl co-transport in ascd loop = inhibit Na/K/Cl reabsorb

Question 4

● Loop (furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide, ethacrynic acid) S/E and anesthetic consideration

Answer 4

○ SE: ↓K (arrhythmia), ototoxicity, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, ↓Cl met alk
Potentiate NDNMBs, ↓renal lithium clearance

Question 5

Thiazide (HCTZ, chlorothiazide, indapamide, metolazone) MOA

Answer 5

MOA: block Na/Cl transport in DCT = inhibit Na/Cl reabsorb

Question 6

Thiazide (HCTZ, chlorothiazide, indapamide, metolazone) S/E and considerations

Answer 6

SE: ↓K (arrhythmia), ototoxicity, hyperglycemia, ↑Ca, ↓Cl met alk
○ Potentiate NDNMBs, potential for dig tox, ↑lithium reabsorption

Question 7

Potassium sparing (triamterene, amiloride) MOA

Answer 7

MOA: block Na transport in CD = inhibit K
secretion & Na/Cl reabsorb

Question 8

● Potassium sparing (triamterene, amiloride) S/E

Answer 8

SE: ↑K, ↓Cl met alk
○ Watch K in renal dz

Question 9

Aldosterone antang (spironolactone, eplerenone) MOA

Answer 9

MOA: competitive antagonist to mineralocorticoid receptors in CD = inhibit K secretion & Na/Cl reabsorption

Question 10

● Aldosterone antang (spironolactone, eplerenone) S/E

Answer 10

SE: ↑K, ↓Cl met alk
○ Watch K in renal dz

Question 11

● Dopamine receptor antag (low dose dopamine, fenoldopam) MOA

Answer 11

○ MOA: D1 = vasodilate, ↑RBF, ↑GFR, inhibit Na reabsorb

Question 12

● Osmotic (mannitol, urea) MOA

Answer 12

○ MOA: ↑osmolarity = prevents water reabsorption in PCT, descend loop, CD