Antineoplastic drugs

Question 1

Alkylating Agents to know

Answer 1

Cy-clo-phos-pha-mide
if-os-fa-mide
pro-carb-az-ine

Question 2

antimetabolites are what specific or non specific

Answer 2

S phase specific

Question 3

Alkylating agents are specific or non specific

Answer 3

non specific

Question 4

What are the three antimetabolites to know

Answer 4

Folic acid antagonists
purine antagonists
pyrimidine antagonists

Question 5

What is an example of a folic acid antagonist and what is its MOA

Answer 5

Meth-o-trex-ate, it ihibits DNA synthesis,

It blocks dyhydrofolate reductase

Question 6

Purine antagonist MOA

Answer 6

inhibit enzymes that converts hypoxanthine ribonucleotide to, adenine and zanthine ribonucleotide.

Question 7

What is an example of a purine antagonist and what is its MOA

Answer 7

Mercaptopurine (purinethol) Inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis cell specific to Sphase

Question 8

Pyrimidine antagonists MOA is

Answer 8

inhibits pyrimidine synthesis

Question 9

Pyrmidne antagonist include what 2 drugs and what do they specifically do

Answer 9

flurouricil-5-Fu, interferes with DNA synthesis or become incorporated into RNA
Cytarabine Ara-C (blood cancers) inhibits dNA and repair BOTH ARE cell S phase specific

Question 10

flurouricil-5-Fu

Answer 10

interferes with DNA synthesis or become incorporated into RNA S phase specific

Question 11

Cytarabine Ara-C

Answer 11

(blood cancers) inhibits dNA synthesis and repair S phase specific

Question 12

What are platinum complexes

Answer 12

platinum surrounded by Cl that inhibit DNA synthesis and repair

Question 13

Carboplatin is a platinum complex what types of cancer usually require this drug

Answer 13

small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, head and neck cancer

Question 14

Cisplatin is a platinum complex what type of cancer usually require this durg

Answer 14

bladder, testicular, ovarian head and neck cancer

Question 15

oxaliplatin

Answer 15

used for colon and rectal cancers

Question 16

what are a few locations that platinum complex drugs are a good choice for cancer treatment

Answer 16

Gyenlicologic, bladder testicular lung CNS head and neck

Question 17

What toxicities are involved with platinum complexes

Answer 17

Myelosuppression
Nephrotoxicity
Neurotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Nausea/vomiting

Question 18

Vinka alkyloids is a drug that targets what and is a good drug against what

Answer 18

Targets the M and S phase, cell cycle specific

Question 19

Vinblasitine and Vincristine are both what type of drug and what cancer do they affect the most

Answer 19

Vinka alkyloids, Hodgkins lymphoma

high incidences of side effects, may cause high incidences of nuerotoxicity

Question 20

What drug has a side effect that can effect a persons hearing

Answer 20

Vinka drugs such as Vinblastine and Vincristine

Question 21

vinka alkaloids come from what plant and what type of cancers do vinka alkaloids work well for

Answer 21

the periwinkle plant

leukemias, lymphomas, testicular caner, breast cancer, kaposi sarcoma

Question 22

Hormone agents MOA is

Answer 22

hormones interupt the G phase in the cell cycle, and also reduce the amount of circulating hormones

Question 23

Estrogens = prostate and mammary CA
ethinyl estradiol (Estinyl, Feminone)

Answer 23

prostate and mammary CA
ethinyl estradiol (Estinyl, Feminone)

Question 24

Androgens = mammary CA in premenopausal women

Answer 24

testosterone proprionate (Testrx)
fluoxymesterone (Halotestin

Question 25

Prpgestins are in what type of cancer and wha are two examples

Answer 25

renal and endometrial CA medroxyprogesterone (Depo-Provera) megestrol (Megace)

Question 26

Glucocorticoids are hormones that

Answer 26

hematologic; lymphomas; bone metastases; immunosuppression for organ transplantation

Question 27

What are some Glucocorticoid drugs

Answer 27

prednisone (Prednisone Intensol, Sterapred)

Question 28

what are some glucocorticoid drugs such as prenisone MOA

Answer 28

Antitumor effects may be related to inhibition of glucose transport, phosphorylation, or induction of cell death in immature lymphocytes

Question 29

tamoxifen (Nolvadex) = antiestrogen; breast CA treatment and prevention

Answer 29

Competitively binds to estrogen receptors on tumors and other target tissues Decreases DNA synthesis and inhibits estrogen effects G0 and G1 phases

Question 30

tamoxifen is what rather than what

Answer 30

Cytostatic cytocidal

Question 31

what drugs has many adverse effects: uterine cancer, stroke, pulmonary emboli, liver problems, osteoporosis

Answer 31

tamoxifen

Question 32

Antibiotics are most effective against solid mass tumors because their MOA is

Answer 32

Cytotoxins bind with DNA to inhibit cell division | Attack cells in different phases 1st non-cell cycle specific 2nd cell cycle specific

Question 33

3 major antibiodics to be aware of for cancer are

Answer 33

``` bleomycin (Blenoxane) doxorubicin (Adriamycin) daunorubicin citrate (DaunoXome) = HIV-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma ```

Question 34

bleomycin is

Answer 34

cell cycle specific (G2, M) | squamous cell CA, testicular tumor, lymphomas

Question 35

What drug is known to cause Increased risk for pneumonia, why

Answer 35

Bleomycin, pulmonary fibrosis = limit amounts of prolonged oxygen (leads to fibrosis, necrosis of lung)

Question 36

doxorubicin main function is

Answer 36

Inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis; cell cycle specific (S phase) | Kaposi’s sarcoma, advanced breast and ovarian CA

Question 37

Daunorubicin citrate is given for patients with

Answer 37

HIV-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma

Question 38

what other antibiotics Inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis

Answer 38

dactinomycin (Cosmegen) – mitoxantrone (Novantrone) = mitomycin (Mutamycin) –

Question 39

dectinomycin a antibiotic inhibiting dna and RNA synthesis also

Answer 39

``` binds with DNA and blocks RNA production Pediatric tumors, testicular tumors Oral mucosal lesions, diarrhea daunorubicin hydrochloride (Cerubidine) Acute lymphocytic leukemia Causes red color to urine ```

Question 40

Mitozantrone

Answer 40

effects the entire cell cytle

Question 41

mitomycin

Answer 41

alkylating antibiotic; cell-cycle nonspecific, although most effective in late G and S phases

Question 42

thalidomide (Thalomid) MOA is

Answer 42

Angiogenesis inhibitor, immunosuppressant, TNF blocking agent Multiple mechanisms of action Drug from the 1950’s for morning sickness, sedation = all first generation offspring had major limb defects Classic model drug for teratogenesis

Question 43

thalidomide is used in cases of

Answer 43

Indications: leprosy; investigational for: multiple myeloma, Crohn’s disease, graft versus host disease, AIDS-related aphthous lesions, others (autoimmune diseases)

Question 44

what problems came with taking the thalidomide for a morning sickness pill

Answer 44

Drug from the 1950’s for morning sickness, sedation = all first generation offspring had major limb defects Classic model drug for teratogenesis

Question 45

What are 8 major systems effected by chemotheropy

Answer 45

``` Suppression of bone marrow (blood dyscrasias) GI disturbances Dermatological reactions Hepatotoxicity Neurotoxicity nephrotoxicity immune deficiencies infertility infertility ```

Question 46

What enzyme is usually inhibited by chemotheoropy due to hepatotoxicity

Answer 46

p450

Question 47

Oral complications

Answer 47

pose great discomfort to the patient Interfere with eating, drinking, swallowing, talking, sleeping Many conditions are painful Concern is that complications pose secondary infection risk and/or may dictate the need to temporarily discontinue treatment May alter success of therapy

Question 48

fixing oral complications

Answer 48

``` Good plaque control Pain control = topical anesthetics Salivary replacement for xerostomia artificial saliva for lubrication for eating, speaking and swallowing Fluorides due to caries risk Antifungals Antivirals Antimicrobial mouthrinses or dentifrices ```