Antiviral Medications Flashcards
(32 cards)
What part of the virus unpacking do antivirals target the most often
the uncoating of the virus which prevents the virus from penetrating the host and therefore replicating within the host
What are all the targets of antiviral medication
alter the uncoating of the virus polymerase inhibitors inhibit viral protien syntheses
What are two uncoating antiviral medications and what type of influenza are they targeting
amantadine (Symmetril) rimantidine (Flumadine) more active Influenza A
What side effects come with taking amantadine and rimantidine aka antiviral uncoating medications
CNS stimulation advanced antihistamines or caffine Insomnia Grand Mal Seizures
What antiviral medication targets both type A and B
oseltamivir (Tamiflu) Also known as a classic prodrug.
What drug is described as the classic prodrug, and is used in both prophylaxis and treatment
Os-el-ta-mi-vir remember that vir is seen in other drugs dont get smoked.
What is the the MOA of oseltamivir
Neuraminidase inhibitor, the drug, cleaves the budding viral progeny from the cell from the viral envelope attachment point just prior to release.
Ribavirin is used to treat what
respiratory syncytial virus
What is the MOA of ribavirin
Disrupts translation and transcription and focuses its atach on virus RNA polymerase so mostly effects RNA viruses
What are the sidefects of ribavirin
mutagenic, teratogenic, carcinogenic
What drug is given when a person gets herpes simplex keratitis (in eye); keratoconjunctivitis
trifluridine (viroptic)
What is the MOA of trifluridine
Interferes with viral replication by replacing thymidine causing a defective protein
acyclovir administered how and is the choice drug of what
IV HSV encephalitis and primary and recurrent herpes in HIV patients
gancyclovir is used when someone has what and how does it help
cytomegalovirus it inhibits DNA synthesis,
What drug is used to treat CMV retinitis
ganciclivir
What two drugs are used as prodrugs for genital herpes
famciclovir and valacyclovir
What do interferons do
inducible glycoproteins that interfere with the ability of viruses to infect cells Antiviral, cytotoxic, immunomodulatory actions
how are interferons formed
synthesized by recombinant DNA
What are the three types of interferons
Alpha, beta, gamma administered subcutaneously, intralesialy or IV
What are the mechanisms of interferons
Induce gene transcription Inhibit cellular growth Alter state of cell differentiation Interfere with oncogene expression Alter cell surface antigen expression Increase phagocytic activity of macrophages Augment cytotoxicity of lymphocytes
True or false interferons are mostly used in cancers
false they are mostly used with Hepatitis B and C Multiple sclerosis
what are the adverse effects of interferons
Flu-like symptoms – fever, chills, myalgias, arthralgias, GI disorder (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) Rash Bone marrow suppression - granulocytopenia Neurotoxicity – somnolence, behavioral disturbances CNS Effects - Headaches, depression Severe fatigue Severe weight loss Autoimmune disorders - thyroiditis Cardiovascular – congestive heart failure Oral – taste changes, reactivation of herpes labialis, excessive salivation
drugs for hepatitis C
ledipasvir + sofosbuvir (Harvoni) $94,500 for a 12-week supply 40% of patients may be able to take the drug for eight weeks = $63,000 simeprevir (Olysio) sofosbuvir (Sovaldi) boceprevir (Victrelis) telaprevir (Incivek)
What is the challenge to taking antifvirals
They often also effect the replication of the host cell
