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Nutrition Undergrad > Antioxidants > Flashcards

Antioxidants Flashcards

0
Q

Name some nutrients with antioxidant properties (4)

A

Vitamin E
Vitamin C
Selenium
Beta-carotene

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1
Q

What are antioxidants?

A

Compounds that protect cells from damage caused by oxidation

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2
Q

What is oxidation?

A

Chemical reaction in which atoms lose electrons

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3
Q

What is a reduction reaction?

A

Chemical reaction in which atoms gain electrons

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4
Q

What are free radicals?

A

Atoms with an unpaired reaction

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5
Q

What are reactive oxygen species (ROS)?

A

Oxygen molecules that become free radicals

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6
Q

How do atoms become free radicals?(2)

A

Electron loss during oxidation

Electron gain during reduction

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7
Q

What are the metabolic processes that can cause free radical production?(2)

A

Immune system fighting against infections

Exercise

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8
Q

What are the environmental factors that cause free radical production?(6)

A 
Pollution
Smoking
Asbestos
Radiation
Excess sunlight
Toxic substances
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9
Q

What is oxidative stress?(2)

A

Oxidative damage

Results when the balance between free radical generation and antioxidant defences is unfavourable

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10
Q

How do free radical damage other cell membranes (2)

A

Free radicals form within cell membranes and steal electrons to stabilise themselves
Damaged lipid molecules cause cell membrane to lose integrity

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11
Q

Free radicals increase the the risk of developing which chronic diseases?(2)

A

T2D

Heart disease

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12
Q

How do antioxidants work?(3)

A

Suppress the formation of free radicals
Stabilise free radicals
Donate their electrons or hydrogen molecules to free radicals

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13
Q

Describe vitamin E (2)

A

Fat soluble vitamin, absorbed with dietary fats

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14
Q

What form of vitamin E is found in food and supplements?

A

Alpha-tocopherol

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15
Q

Vitamin C is _______ soluble

A

Water

16
Q

What are the antioxidant functions of vitamin C?(2)

A

Prevent LDL oxidation

Protects lungs from cigarette damage

17
Q

What is vitamin A (2)

A

Fat soluble vitamin

Stored mainly in liver

18
Q

What are the active forms of vitamin A (3)

A

Retinal
Retinol
Retinoic acid

19
Q

Which foods contains for vitamin E?(4)

A

Nuts
Seeds
Mayonnaise
Plant-based foods

20
Q

What are the major factors for CVD (6)

A 
Smoking
Hypertension 
Obesity
Sedentary lifestyle 
High blood levels of LDL cholesterol 
Low grade inflammation
21
Q

Beta-carotene is a precursor for which vitamin?

A

Vitamin A

22
Q

Which vitamins cent prevent LDL oxidation?(3)

A

Vitamin C and E

Beta-carotene

Nutrition Undergrad (19 decks)

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