Fats

Question 0

What are fats?

Answer 0

The lipid content of diets and foods

Question 1

What are lipids?

Answer 1

Diverse group of molecules that are insoluble in water

Question 2

What are the types of lipids found in foods and body cells/tissues?(3)

Answer 2

Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Sterols

Question 3

What do triglycerides contain?(2)

Answer 3

3 fatty acids

1 glycerol

Question 4

What are fatty acids classified by?(3)

Answer 4

Carbon chain length
Saturation level
Shape

Question 5

What is hydrogenation?

Answer 5

Hydrogen atoms are added to unsaturated fatty acids

Question 6

What is the health risk of hydrogenation?

Answer 6

CVD

Question 7

What are essential fatty acids?(2)

Answer 7

Fatty acids that cannot be made by the body

Must be obtained from food

Question 8

What is linoleic acid?(2)

Answer 8

Essential fatty acid

Also known as omega 6

Question 9

What is alpha-linolenic acid?(2)

Answer 9

Essential fatty acid

Known as omega 3

Question 10

What are the benefits of omega 3?(4)

Answer 10

Reduced risk of heart disease
Reduced inflammation
Reduced blood clotting
Reduced plasma triglycerides

Question 11

What do phospholipids contains?(3)

Answer 11

Glycerol backbone
Two fatty acids
Phosphate

Question 12

Phosphatase ______ soluble in water

Answer 12

Are

Question 13

Phospholipids transports ____ in the blood

Answer 13

Fat

Question 14

Where does fat digestion begin?

Answer 14

Small intestine

Question 15

What is the role of bile in fat digestion?

Answer 15

Emulsifiers fats into small droplets

Question 16

Where is bile produced and stored?(2)

Answer 16

Produced by liver

Stored in gallbladder

Question 17

What is the role of lipoproteins?

Answer 17

Transports lipids for absorption

Question 18

What is a chylomicron?(3)

Answer 18

Low density lipoprotein produced in the intestine after a meal
Transports lipids from a meal into blood and body issues
Taken up by liver once TAGs are removed

Question 19

What are the role of fats?(8)

Answer 19

Major fuel at rest and endurance exercise
Stored energy
Protects the body
Provides flavours and textures of foods
Helps us feel satiated
Maintains membrane
Regulates cell function 
Absorb fat soluble vitamins

Question 20

What is cardiovascular disease?

Answer 20

Dysfunction of the heart and blood vessels

Question 21

What can CVD result in?(4)

Answer 21

Heart attack
Stroke
Hypertension
Mortality

Question 22

What are the risk factors associated with CVD?(7)

Answer 22

Obesity
Physical inactivity
Smoking
High blood pressure
T2D
Inflammation 
Oxidative stress

Question 23

How do saturated fats increase CVD risk?(3)

Answer 23

Decrease the removal of LDLs from blood
Increase blood cholesterol levels
Contribute to atherosclerosis

Question 24

What do VDLSs do?

Answer 24

Transport triglycerides to various tissues of the body

Question 25

Where are VLDLs produced?(2)

Answer 25

80% in liver | 20% in the intestine

Question 26

How is LDL formed?(2)

Answer 26

From VLDL in blood | Transformation occurs when triglycerides are removed from VLDL

Question 27

Where is linoleic acid found?(2)

Answer 27

Vegetable and nut oils

Question 28

Where is alpha-linoleic acid found?(5)

Answer 28

``` Vegetables Soy Flaxseeds Walnuts Oily fish ```

Question 29

Explain fat digestion in the small intestine (4)

Answer 29

CCK and secretin stimulate gallbladder to contract Gallbladder contractions release bile Bile emulsifies fat in to small droplets Pancreatic enzymes breakdown fat into two fatty acids and a glyceride

Question 30

What affect do high saturated fat diets have on LDL receptors? And what is the consequence?

Answer 30

Block receptors | Decrease removal of LDL from body cells

Question 31

What must happen for triglycerides in chylomicrons before they enter body cells?

Answer 31

Must be broken down by lipoprotein lipase

Question 32

How many kcal per gram of fat?

Answer 32

9