Antipsych/epileptic/depressant Flashcards
(79 cards)
What is the focus of neuropharmacology of antiepileptic drugs?
Study of how antiepileptic drugs affect the nervous system and control seizures.
This includes understanding drug mechanisms, interactions, and pharmacokinetics.
What are the first-generation or traditional AEDs?
Older antiepileptic drugs that have been in use for many years.
Examples include phenytoin, carbamazepine, and phenobarbital.
What characterizes second- and third-generation AEDs?
Newer antiepileptic drugs that often have fewer side effects and better tolerability.
Examples include lamotrigine, levetiracetam, and oxcarbazepine.
What are the goals of pharmacotherapy in epilepsy?
Control seizures, minimize side effects, and improve quality of life.
This includes achieving seizure freedom with the least amount of medication.
What factors influence antiepileptic drug choice?
Seizure type, patient characteristics, side effect profiles, and drug interactions.
Individualized treatment plans are essential.
What are desirable properties of AEDs?
Efficacy, safety, tolerability, and minimal drug interactions.
These properties are crucial for effective management of epilepsy.
What are the targets for controlling seizures?
Ion channels, neurotransmitter systems, and neuroinflammatory pathways.
These targets help in designing effective AEDs.
True or False: Antiepileptic drug interactions can affect the efficacy and safety of treatment.
True
Drug interactions can lead to increased toxicity or decreased therapeutic effects.
What does displacement from plasma proteins refer to?
The process where one drug displaces another from its binding sites on plasma proteins.
This can increase the free concentration of the displaced drug, potentially leading to toxicity.
What is the role of the cytochrome P450 isoenzyme system in drug metabolism?
It is involved in the metabolism of many drugs, including AEDs.
This system can be induced or inhibited by various substances.
What are AED inducers?
Drugs that increase the metabolism of other drugs, often leading to reduced effectiveness.
Carbamazepine is a common example of an AED inducer.
What is UDP-Glucuronyltransferase (UGT)?
An enzyme involved in the metabolism of certain AEDs and other drugs.
Variability in UGT activity can affect drug clearance.
What are AED inhibitors?
Drugs that decrease the metabolism of other drugs, potentially increasing their levels in the body.
This can lead to toxicity if not monitored.
Fill in the blank: AEDs that are primarily _______ cleared are eliminated through the kidneys.
renally
This includes drugs like gabapentin and pregabalin.
What are pharmacodynamic interactions?
Interactions that occur when drugs influence each other’s effects at the site of action.
These can enhance or diminish therapeutic effects.
What are potential target ranges of AED serum concentrations?
Ranges that indicate the effectiveness and safety of AEDs in treating epilepsy.
Monitoring serum levels helps in adjusting dosages.
What health considerations are important for people with epilepsy?
Bone health, mental health, and medication adherence.
These factors can significantly impact overall well-being.
What is a special consideration for women with epilepsy?
The potential impact of AEDs on pregnancy and hormonal changes.
Treatment plans may need adjustments during pregnancy.
What are treatment recommendations for the elderly with epilepsy?
Consideration of comorbidities, polypharmacy, and tolerance to medications.
Older adults may respond differently to AEDs.
What is a summary of first-generation AEDs?
These drugs include classic medications that have been used for decades.
They often have well-established efficacy but may have more side effects.
What is a summary of second-generation AEDs?
These newer medications offer improved safety and fewer interactions compared to first-generation AEDs.
They are often preferred in modern treatment approaches.
What are the objectives of studying psychotic disorders?
To understand the nature, treatment, and management of psychotic conditions
This includes identifying symptoms, understanding pathophysiology, and evaluating treatment options.
What role do dopamine receptors play in psychotic disorders?
Dopamine receptors are implicated in the pathophysiology of psychotic disorders, particularly schizophrenia
Dysregulation of dopamine signaling is a key factor in the development of psychotic symptoms.
What are positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
Hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking
These symptoms represent an excess or distortion of normal functions.
