Pain Meds Flashcards
(39 cards)
What are the four processes that compose pain?
- Transduction
- Transmission
- Perception
- Modulation
These processes describe how pain is generated, transmitted, perceived, and modified in the body.
Opioids MOA
Affect descending neural pain transmission via inhibition of GABAnergic inter neurons
What is the significance of lipid solubility in opioids?
Lipid solubility affects the absorption and distribution of opioids in the body
More lipid-soluble opioids can cross biological membranes more easily.
Name a subclass of opioids that includes phenanthrenes.
Phenanthrenes
This subclass includes commonly used opioids like morphine and codeine.
What is the metabolism of codeine primarily dependent on?
CYP2D6 enzyme
Codeine is metabolized to morphine by this enzyme, which varies in activity among individuals.
What is renal dosing in the context of opioid therapy?
Adjusting opioid doses based on kidney function
This is crucial to prevent accumulation and toxicity in patients with renal impairment.
What are some common opioid sub-classes?
- Phenanthrenes
- Phenylpiperidines
- Diphenylpropylamines
Each subclass has distinct characteristics and examples.
What is the impact of drug interactions on opioid therapy?
Drug interactions can enhance or inhibit opioid effects, leading to increased risk of adverse effects or decreased efficacy
Clinicians must monitor for potential interactions with other medications.
What is the importance of evaluating risk factors for opioid-related harms?
To mitigate risks and improve patient safety
This evaluation should occur before starting and periodically during opioid therapy.
What is naloxone used for in opioid therapy?
To reverse opioid overdose
It is recommended to offer naloxone to patients at risk of opioid-related harms.
What are the common adverse effects of opioids?
- Constipation
- Nausea
- Sedation
- Respiratory depression
These effects require careful management during therapy.
What does opioid tolerance refer to?
A reduced response to the same dose of an opioid over time
This may necessitate dose adjustments to achieve the desired effect.
What is opioid withdrawal?
A set of symptoms that occur when a person reduces or stops opioid use after prolonged use
Symptoms can include anxiety, sweating, and nausea.
What is the difference between naloxone and naltrexone?
Naloxone is used for acute opioid overdose; naltrexone is used for long-term opioid dependence treatment
Both are opioid antagonists but serve different purposes.
In what types of pain are opioids commonly used?
- Acute Pain
- Chronic Pain
Opioids can be effective in managing both types of pain, though the approach may differ.
What is the dosing schedule for opioids?
Opioid dosing can be scheduled based on the severity and type of pain
This can include fixed schedules or as-needed dosing.
True or False: All patients should receive the same dose of opioids.
False
Dosing must be individualized based on factors like patient response and risk factors.
What are the session objectives of pharmacotherapy?
Treatment of Pain
Includes understanding pain classification, sensation, types, and pharmacological management.
What is the classification of pain?
Pain Classification
Pain can be classified into various types based on duration, origin, and mechanism.
What does the sensation of pain describe?
Descriptions of the Sensation of Pain
Involves the subjective experience of discomfort and distress.
What are the types of pain?
Types of Pain
Includes acute, chronic, nociceptive, and neuropathic pain.
What is the pathway of prostacyclin production?
Pathway of Prostacyclin Production
Involves the conversion of arachidonic acid by cyclooxygenase enzymes.
What is the mechanism of action of acetaminophen?
Non-Opioid Analgesics: APAP
Acetaminophen works primarily in the central nervous system to reduce pain and fever.
