Antipsychotics Flashcards

(28 cards)

1
Q

Antipsychotic Agents

A

Used for diverse spectrum of psychotic disorders

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2
Q

What population of people should antipsychotics NOT be used in?

A

Elderly w/ dementia
Increases risk of death substantially
-Cardiac and infection causes

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3
Q

MOA of first generation antipsychotics (FGA’s)

A

Block receptors for dopamine (DA) in CNS

DA antagonists

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4
Q

Serious side effects of FGA’s

A
Extrapyramidal symptoms ( acute dystonia, akathisia, parkinsonism, and tardive dyskinesia)
Malignant Neuroleptic Syndrome
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5
Q

Serious side effects of SGA’s

A

Metabolic effects (dyslipidemia, diabetes, weight gain)

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6
Q

Symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Disordered thinking
Difficulty comprehending reality
Hallucinations (auditory & visual)

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7
Q

What type of hallucinations are more common in schizophrenia?

A

Auditory is more common

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8
Q

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Hostility
Suspicion
Violence
Persecutory hallucinations

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9
Q

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A
Withdrawn
Hermit
quiet
stop caring for self (hygiene, employment etc)
Blunted affect
talk slowly
Monotone
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10
Q

Treatment for EPS reactions

A

Anticholinergics like diphenhydramine & benztropine

Restore balance of Ach and Dopamine in brain

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11
Q

How quickly does acute dystonia occur

A

5 hours- couple days of starting therapy

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12
Q

Akathisia

A

Incredible need for motion

Pacing back and forth

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13
Q

Acute dystonia

A

Back spasm
Laryngospasm–emergency!
Facial spasm
Oculogyric crisis

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14
Q

Parkinsonism

A

Shuffling feet
rigid movements
mask like face

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15
Q

Tardive dyskinesia

A

First generation antipsychotics
Occurs months to years after therapy
Worm like movements of face and lounge
Permanent

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16
Q

Depot preps

A

Long-acting injectable form available for antipsychotic medications
Last for 1-2 weeks
Slow release

17
Q

Drug therapy purpose

A

Suppression of acute episodes
Prevention of acute exacerbations
Maintenance of highest level of functioning as possible

18
Q

Dosing of antipsychotics

A

Start at smallest dose
Highly individualized
Older adults need less

19
Q

Haloperidol MOA

A

Blocks DA, NE, Ach, and histamine

20
Q

Haloperidol classification

A

High potency FGA

21
Q

Haloperidol adverse effects

A

EPS
Higher frequency of NMS
Cardiovascular (prolong QT)
Neuroendocrine effects are seen on occasion

22
Q

Neuroendocrine effects of some antipsychotics

A

Galactorrhea
Menstrual irregularities
Gynecomastia

23
Q

Chlorpromazine classification

A

Low potency FGA

24
Q

Chlorpromazine MOA

A

Blocks DA, alpha 1 & 2 adrenergic receptors, NE, Ach, and histamine
AKA antagonists of these receptors

25
Chlorpromazine MOA
``` M/c effects: -sedation & orthostatic hypotension Lowers seizure threshold Cardiovascular (prolongs QT interval) Early EPS are uncommon ```
26
PD drugs vs. antipsychotics
PD drugs are DA agonists and schizophrenia drugs are DA antagonists
27
SGA names (3)
Risperidone Olanzepine Aripiprazole
28
Drugs to treat NMS
Dantrolene- Direct acting muscle relaxant | bromocriptine-Dopamine receptor agonist