Anxiety

Question 1

What is anxiety

Answer 1

feelings of tension, worried thoughts and physical changes such as increased blood pressure

Question 2

What is obsessions and compulsions

Answer 2

obsessions- persistent thoughts, images or urges (thoughts are hard to dismiss)

Compulsions- behaviours or mental acts that a person feels driven to perform (in response to obsessions)

Question 3

What is agoraphobia

Answer 3

fear of inability to escape crowds

being where you may have an intense and embarrassing fear reaction and won’t be able to escape

Question 4

Panic attacks and how to dx

Answer 4

intense and abrupt anxious rxns (severe, debilitating and severe)

–Only once attacks are frequent, recurrent and unexpected can there be a dx of panic disorder. Also need persistent worry for at least 1 month

Question 5

What is general anxiety disorder

Answer 5

Excessive and consistent worry that is global and unspecific

Question 6

What is selective mutism

Answer 6

failure to speak in expected situations not due to physical inability
(mostly in children)

Question 7

What is annihilation anxiety

Answer 7

specific anxiety in children worse tan seperation anxiety

-anxiety that babies experience at birth due to lack of caregivers

Question 8

What is trichotillomana

Answer 8

Is a disorder in which a person compulsively pulls out their own hair

Question 9

What is excoriation

Answer 9

compulsive picking at skin which results in lesions

Question 10

what class of drugs are used to treat anxiety

Answer 10

anxiolytics

antidepressants are most commonly used

Question 11

What is most well known anxiolytic and MOA

Answer 11

benzos

enhances the effect of GABA resulting in sedative, anticonvulsant etc

Question 12

What drugs are used to treat obsessive compulsive disorder

Answer 12

SSRIs

Question 13

Phycodynamic perspective for chronic worry

Answer 13

either from unacceptable repressed wishes or inconsistent parenting

Question 14

Who came up with the term of basic anzxiety and why does it happen

Answer 14

Karen Horney- feelings of being hopelessness, small and insig because of abuse/ neglect

–Can be caused by overprotective parents, parents who are controlling, critical etc

Question 15

What is the psychodynamic perspective in OCD

Answer 15

when intrusive thoughts threaten core perceptions of self.

–develops in someone whose parents are emotionally ambivalent or superficially supportive but then suddenly rejecting

Question 16

CBT vs phycodynamic therapy

Answer 16

CBT is likely more effective

Question 17

In CBT how is OCD and anxiety modeled

Answer 17

conditioning, modelling and irrational thinking are seen as central to obsessions, compulsions, anxiety

Question 18

What occurs in behavioural conditioning of anxiety

Answer 18

• Phobias learned thru classical conditioning
• operent conditioning when people avoid anxiety inducing situations
• observational learning

Question 19

What are the 4 cognitive models to anxiety

Answer 19

avoidance model or worry (constant worry as that is less anxiety producing then expericeing situation)

Intolerance of uncirtentiy model (ongoing anxiety occurs in those wo have a hard time handling uncertainty)

Metacognitive model (when negative beliefs about worry take over)

Emotional dysregulation model (anxious people have difficulty reg emotions)

Question 20

Ppl who are susceptible to panic disorders and agoraphobia tend to be sensitive to what

Answer 20

extremely sensitive and attenuated to subtle physiological variations

Question 21

What is the catastrophic misinterpretation model of panic disorders

Answer 21

People who are prone to recurrent, unexpected panic attacks catastrophically misinterpret certain body sensations

Question 22

To adress misinterpratations in those with misinterpretation model of panic disorders what 4 things should be done to address it

Answer 22

cognituve therapy (chalange body interpreation)

Psychoeducation (teach people how the misinterpret info)

Behavioural activation (Focus on disconfirming a persons predictions that certain events will produce panic attacks)

Exposure therapy ( focus on inducing body changes to show that they dont always lead to attacks)

Question 23

What is exposure plus response prevention in CBT

Answer 23

exposure therapies are first line interventions for anxiety and OCD related issues

-pt is placed in direct contact with an anxiety provoking sit and prevented from leaving

Question 24

What occurs in systemic desensitization in CBT (2 parts)

Answer 24

Part 1- fear hiearchy (indentify experiences feared and rank them)

Part 2- Relaxation (progressive relaxation is a technique used to systemically relax all mm

Question 25

What is modelling in CBT

Answer 25

therapist models adverse behaviour to pt to illustrate fear is unjustified

Question 26

what is participant modeling

Answer 26

which pt is invited to partake in the anxiety provoking activity w the therapist

Question 27

What is in vivo vs imaginal exposure

Answer 27

in vivo- ppl intentionally expose themselves to a feared sit.

Imaginal exposure- People imagine a feared situation

Question 28

What is thought stopping

Answer 28

pateints are taught to stop their thoughts often by saying stop when intrusive or obsessive thoughts occur

Question 29

What is acceptance based cog therapy

Answer 29

emphasizzes accepting not banishing or taking literally stressful conditions

Question 30

What is langerian mindfulness

Answer 30

the process of paying attention on purpose to the present moment, of being aware of novelty in experiences or situations and perceubg differences in contexts/events