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Anxiety And Related Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Define anxiety

A

A feeling of discomfort, apprehension, or dread related to anticipation of danger, the source of which is nonspecific or unknown

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2
Q

Is Anxiety and stress, the same

A

No anxiety is necessary force for survival

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3
Q

When is anxiety considered a disorder?

A

When fears and anxieties or excessive, and there are associated behavioral disturbances, such as an interference with social an occupational functioning

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4
Q

What is the difference between stress and anxiety?

A

Individuals, face anxiety on a daily basis,

a stressor is an external pressure that is brought to bear on the individual
anxiety is subjective emotional response to that stressor 

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5
Q

What’s the difference between anxiety and fear?

A

Anxiety is an emotional process. Where is fear is a cognitive one.
Fear involves the intellectual appraisal of threatening stimulus
Anxiety involves emotional response to that appraisal

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6
Q

What is the most common psychiatric illness?

A

Anxiety
Results inconsiderable, functional impairment, distressed

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7
Q

Is anxiety, more common in women or men

A

Woman

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8
Q

What are common core morbidities of anxiety?

A

Depression and substance abuse

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9
Q

How does one become vulnerable to come abilities of anxiety?

A

Parental psychiatric history
Childhood trauma
Negative life events

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10
Q

What is the difference between normal and abnormal anxiety?

A

Anxiety can be considered, abnormal or pathological if it is out of proportion to the situation that is creating

When it becomes excessive and persistence

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11
Q

When anxiety interferes with social, occupational or other important areas of functioning, how can a human respond?

A

They respond in a variety of ways that are likely a complex interaction of genetic vulnerability, biochemical influences environmental factors

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12
Q

What is panic?

A

A sudden, overwhelming, feeling of tear or impending doom

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13
Q

What is the most severe form of emotional anxiety?

A

Panic
Usually accompanied by behavioral cognitive and physiological signs and symptoms considered extremely intense and frightening

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14
Q

What are some symptoms of a panic attack

A

Sweating, trembling, shaking
SOB chest pain or discomfort
Nausea or abdominal distress
Dizziness, chills, hot flashes
Numbness or tingling sensations
De realization or depersonalization
Fear of losing control are going crazy
Fear of dying 

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15
Q

How long can a panic attack last?

A

Usually last minute or rarely hours
Individual of experiences, varying degrees of nervousness and apprehensive between attracts

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16
Q

When is the average age onset of panic disorder?

A

Late 20s

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17
Q

What is panic disorder?

A

Characterized by recurrent panic attacks

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18
Q

Can you predict the onset of a panic attack and panic disorder?

A

There’s an unpredictable answer
Manifested by intense, apprehension, fear, terror

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19
Q

What are some associated feelings of panic
Disorder

A

Feelings of impending doom, accompanied by intense physical discomfort

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20
Q

What is GAD?

A

Generalized anxiety disorder

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21
Q

How is GAD characterized?

A

Buy persistent, unrealistic and excessive anxiety and worry

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22
Q

How often do you have to have anxiety to be diagnosed with GAD

A

Occurred more days than not for at least six months,
and cannot be attributed to specific organic factors, such as caffeine intoxication, or hyperthyroidism

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23
Q

What does a patient with GAD often avoid

A

Avoid activities or events that may result in negative outcomes, or spend considerable time and effort, preparing for such activities

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24
Q

Our patients with anxiety, good at decision making

A

No, they often worry which results in procrastination in behavior or decision making

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25
Q

What is the psychodynamic view of anxiety disorders?

A

Focuses on the inability of the ego to intervene when conflict occurs between ID in this super ego
Producing anxiety

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26
Q

What is the cognitive theory of anxiety

A

Faulty, distorted, or counterproductive, thinking patterns of company, or perceived maladaptive behaviors. In emotional disorders. There is a disturbance in the central mechanism of cognition. There’s a consequent disturbance in feeling in behavior.

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27
Q

What are some predisposing factors of anxiety and panic?

A

Genetic
Neroanatomical
Bio chemical
Neurochemical

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28
Q

Strong evidence exists for the involvement of what neurotransmitter for anxiety

A

Noepinephrine in the ideology of panic disorder

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29
Q

What does the pneumonic?
I
C
A
N
T
R
E
S
T
Stand for

A

Irritability
Concentration is impaired
Anxiety nervousness, worry on most days about mini difficult types of situations
No control over worry
Time : at least six months
Restlessness feeling on edge
Energy decreased
Sleep impaired
Tension in muscles

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30
Q

What is the phobia?

A

And irrational fear of specific object or situation, resulting in an intense aversion toward the feared stimulus

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31
Q

What is the response to exposure of the feared, object or situation in a phobia?

A

Typically accompanied by intense anxiety or panic attacks

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32
Q

What is agoraphobia?

A

Fear of being in places or situations, from which escape might be difficult, or in which help, might not be available if panic like symptoms occur

Fear of being in open public places

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33
Q

Extreme cases of agoraphobia what happens

A

Individual is unable to leave his or her home, without being accompanied by a friend or relative

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34
Q

What are some examples of places someone with agoraphobia would be scared of

A

Traveling in public transportation
Being in an open space
Being in chops theaters are cinemas
Standing in line or being in a crowd
Being outside of the home alone

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35
Q

What is social anxiety disorder?

A

Excessive fear of a situation in which the affected person might do something embarrassing, or a valuated negatively by others

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36
Q

What are some examples of social anxiety disorders that someone would be scared of?

A

Fear of speaking, or eating in public places
Fear of using public restroom
Fear of writing in the presence of others

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37
Q

What is a specific phobia?

A

Fear of specific objects or situation that could convince simply cause harm, but the person’s reaction to them is excessive unreasonable and inappropriate

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38
Q

A phobic person may be no more anxious than anyone else until exposed to the phobic object or situation. What happens when exposure occurs

A

Produces an overwhelming symptoms of panic, including palpation, sweating, dizziness, and difficulty breathing

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39
Q

Do people seek treatment for phobias?

A

People seldom seek treatment, unless the phobia interferes with the ability to function

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40
Q

What medical conditions may produce anxiety symptoms?

A

Cardiac- myocardial infarction, CHF
Endocrine -hypoglycemia or hypo or hyper thyroidism
Respiratory conditions -COPD hyperventilation
Neurological conditions -partial seizures in encephalitis

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41
Q

What is a substance induced anxiety disorder?

A

Is only diagnosed if anxiety symptoms are excessive of those usually associated with the intoxication or withdrawal syndrome’s

42
Q

Which substances can you do substance induced anxiety disorder?

A

Alcohol
Amphetamines
Cocaine
Hallucinogenics
Sedatives
Hypnotics
Anxiolytics
Caffeine
Cannabis

43
Q

What is obsessive compulsive disorder?

A

The presence of obsessions compulsion, or both the severity of which significant enough to cause distress or impairment in social, occupational or other important areas of functioning

44
Q

What is an obsession?

A

Recurrent thoughts, impulses, or images experience, as intrusive and stressful and unable to expunge a logic of reasoning

Recurrent and stressful

45
Q

What is a compulsion

A

Repetitive ritualistic behavior, or thoughts, the purpose of which is to prevent or reduce distress, or to prevent some dreaded event or situation

46
Q

Why does one perform compulsions?

A

Their mental ask, the individual feels driven to perform that are intended to reduce the anxiety associated with obsessive thoughts

47
Q

Does an individual recognize their obsessions?

A

Yes, although they are recognized by the individual is irrational, they continue to be repetitive and cannot be ignored

48
Q

What makes obsessive compulsive set of a disorder

A

Recurrent obsession, or compulsion that are severe enough to be time, consuming or cause, marked distress or significant impairment

49
Q

What are some common compulsions in OCD?

A

Hand washing
Ordering
Checking
Praying
Counting
Repeating words silently

50
Q

What is body dysmorphic disorder?

A

Characterized by the belief that the body is deformed or defective in some specific way

51
Q

If a true defect is present in body dysmorphic disorder, what happens

A

A persons concern is unrealistically, exaggerated and grossly excessive

52
Q

What is the most common complete involved in body dysmorphic disorder?

A

Defects in skin, such as wrinkles or scars, the shape or size of a nose or hair however, anybody part can be the focus of distorted beliefs, including eyes, lips, teeth, stomach genitals, her body weight

53
Q

What is another name for hair pulling disorder

A

Trichotillomania

54
Q

What is trichotillomania?

A

Define is the recurrent pulling of one’s hair that result in hair loss

55
Q

What is the impulse of hair pulling disorder, proceeded by

A

An increasing sense of tangent results in a sense of release or gratification from pulling out hair

56
Q

Where are the most common sites for hair pulling

A

Scalp eyebrows eyelashes, but may occur in any area of the body that grows hair

57
Q

Hey, what is the repetitive behavior of hair pulling intended to do

A

Decrease anxiety it may be considered within the spectrum of OCD disorder it

58
Q

What is a hoarding disorder

A

Having persistent difficulties, discarding, or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value

The diagnosis may be specified with the excessive need for continual acquiring up items

59
Q

Is hoarding a symptom of OCD?

A

Previous additions of the DSM was considered however, in the DSM-V it has been reclassified as a diagnostic disorder

60
Q

I what happens with symptoms of hoarding disorder, with each decade of life

A

Symptoms become more severe
Associated symptoms include perfectionism
Indecisiveness
Distractibility
Difficulty planning and organizing tasks

61
Q

What is the biggest risk factor for hoarding disorder?

A

Safety
There may be only narrow pathways winding through stacks of clutter in which to walk

62
Q

 What is psychoanalytical theory?

A

Psycho, analytical, theorist propose that individuals with OCD have weak under developed egos
View patients as having regressed to earlier development stages of the end the tile super ego

63
Q

What is the learning theory of OCD?

A

Learning theorist, explain OCD behaviors as conditions response to traumatic event
The traumatic event produces anxiety and discomfort in the individual learns to prevent the anxiety and discomfort by avoiding the situation, which they are so she did

64
Q

What is passive avoidance?

A

Individual learns to prevent anxiety and discomfort by avoiding situation

65
Q

When passive avoidance is not possible, what happens

A

The individual learns to engage in behaviors that provide relief from anxiety and discomfort associated with traumatic situation

OCD

66
Q

What are the psycho social influences related to trichotillomania?

A

Suggest the onset of hair pulling disorder can be related to stressful situations and more than 1/4 cases

67
Q

Psycho, social influences related to trichotillomania

A

Stressful situation
Disturbance in mother child relationship
Fear of abandonment
Possible childhood abuse or emotional does neglect

68
Q

A newly admitted, patient diagnosed with OCD spends one hour packing and unpacking, folding and refolding personal belongings, which is most likely the reason for this behavior
It relieves anxiety
Fosters organizational skills
Delays meeting unfamiliar people in a day room
It makes the patient feel good

A

It relieves anxiety

69
Q

For the last year of college student, continually and unrealistically worries about academic performance in love life performance the student is irritable and suffers from severe insomnia. This behavior is associated with which diagnosis.
Agoraphobia
GAD
Social phobia disorder
OCD

A

GAD

70
Q

When caring for a patient who is experiencing a panic attack which of the following nursing action should be implemented
Leave the patient alone to maintain privacy
Instruct the patient regarding unit, rules and regulations
Sit with a patient in the day room to provide comfort
Communicate with simple words in brief messages

A

Communicate with simple words in brief messages

71
Q

 What is supportive psychotherapy?

A

Designed to help the patient identify his or her personal strengths and explore adaptive coping mechanisms

Insight oriented psychotherapy designed to help the patient identifier explore and resolve, internal psychological conflict

72
Q

What is cognitive behavioral therapy?

A

Strives to assist the individual to reduce anxiety responses by altering cognitive distortions

73
Q

How does cognitive therapy work?

A

Anxiety is described as being the result of exaggerated, automatic, thinking

Cognitive therapy is brief and time-limited
Discourages the patient’s dependency on a therapist, encourages the patient self sufficiency

74
Q

What does behavior modification?

A

Used to treat trichotillomania
The individual learns to become more aware of the hair, pulling identify times of encourages and substitute a more adaptive coping strategy

75
Q

What is systematic desensitization?

A

The patient is gradually exposed to a phobic stimulus, either in real or imagined situation

76
Q

What is implosion therapy?

A

The therapist floods the patient with information concerning situation is that trigger anxiety

The therapist describes anxiety, provoking situation and vivid detail, and is guided by the patients response

The more anxiety provoked = the more exponent in therapeutic endeavor

77
Q

What are some examples of antianxiety medication

A

Hydroxyzine(Vistral)
Alprazolam (Xanax)
Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
Clonazepam (klonopin)
Diazepam (Valium)
Lorazepam (Ativan)
Maprobamate
Buspirone (BuSpar)

78
Q

What has been a successful treatment in GAD

A

Benzodiazepines
They can be prescribed as needed basis when a patient is feeling particularly anxious

79
Q

What has been particularly effective and treatment of panic disorder

A

Alprazolam
Lorazepam
Clonazepam

80
Q

 What is a good treatment for OCD?

A

SSRIs
Fluoxetine
Paroxetine
Sertraline
Fluvoxamine

81
Q

What is the most positive result of pharmacological therapy with body dysmorphic disorder?

A

Clomipramine
Fluoxetine

82
Q

What should a nurse plan to teach each patient who is taking alprazolam(Xanax) three times a day
There’s a potential for dependents and tolerance
The importance of discontinuing Xanax immediately, if addiction is suspected
The increase caffeine consumption can enhance the effectiveness of Xanax
That Xanax is not a habit forming

A

There’s a potential for dependents intolerance

83
Q

Xanax is what kind of medication

A

Benzodiazepine and has addictive properties
GAD medication

84
Q

What is some outcome criteria for GAD?

A

Is able to recognize signs of escalating, anxiety, and intervened before reaching panic level
Able to maintain anxiety to manageable level

85
Q

What are some outcome criteria for phobic disorder?

A

Function, adaptively, and presence of the phobic object or situation without experiencing panic anxiety

Verbalize a plan of action for responding in the presence of the phobic object or situation without developing panic anxiety

86
Q

What are some outcome criteria for OCD?

A

Maintain anxiety and a manageable level without resorting to the use of ritualistic behavior

Demonstrate more adaptive coping strategies for dealing with anxiety instead of ritualistic behavior’s

87
Q

What are some out come criteria for body dysmorphic disorder

A

Verbalize, a realistic perception of his or her appearance in expressed feelings that reflects a positive body image

88
Q

What are some outcome criteria for trichotillomania?

A

Verbalizing demonstrate more adaptive strategies for coping with stressful situation

89
Q

What are some interventions of anxiety?

A

Do not leave the patient alone
Stay with him or her offering reassurance of safety and security
Maintain come on threatening matter, affect approach
Keep a low stimuli in an environment

90
Q

Misty has been diagnosed with agoraphobia, which behavior would be most characteristic of this disorder
Misty experiences, panic anxiety when she encounters snakes
Misty refuses to fly on an airplane
Missy will not eat in a public place
Missy stays in her home for fear of being in a place from what she cannot escape

A

Missy stays in her home for fear of being in a place that she cannot escape

91
Q

Which of the following is most appropriate therapy for a client with agoraphobia
10 mg Valium QID
Group therapy with other people with agoraphobia
Facing the fear in gradual step progression
Hipnosis

A

facing the fear in a gradual progression

92
Q

With implosion therapy, a client with a phobic anxiety would be
Taught relaxation exercises
Subjected to graded intensities of the fear
Instructed to stop the therapeutic session as soon as anxiety is experienced
Presented with intense exposure to a variety of stimuli associated with the phobic object or situation

A

Presented with an intense exposure to a variety of stimuli associated with the phobic object or situation

93
Q

A client with OCD spends many hours each day washing her hands. The most likely reason she washes her hands. Is that it
Relieves her anxiety
Reduces the pro Bility of infection
Gives her a feeling of control over her life
Increases her self concept

A

Relieves her anxiety

94
Q

A client is receiving treatment at a mental health clinic with a habit reversal therapy which of the following elements would be included in this therapy select
Awareness training
Competing response training
Social support
Hypnotherapy
Aversive therapy

A

 Awareness training
Competing response training
Social support

95
Q

The initial care plan for a client with OCD, who washes her hands obsessively would include which of the following nursing interventions
Keep the clients bathroom locked so she cannot wash your hands at all times
Structure of the client schedule so that she has plenty of time for washing her hands
Place the client in isolation until she promises to stop washing your hand so much
Explain the clients behavior to her because she’s probably on her where it is maladaptive

A

Structure of the client schedule so that she has plenty of time for washing her hands

96
Q

A client with OCD says to the nurse I’ve been here for four days now and I’m feeling better. I feel comfortable on this unit and I am not a ladies with the staff or other patients anymore in light of this change which nursing intervention is most appropriate.
Give attention to the ritualistic behavior each time they occur in point out there in a appropriateness
Ignore the ritualistic behaviors and they will be eliminated for lack of reinforcement
Continue to allow the client all the time she wants to carry out the ritualistic behavior
Set limits to the amount of time the client may engage in the realistic behavior

A

 Set limits to the amount of time the client may engage in a ritualistic behavior

97
Q

A new client at the mental health clinic is diagnosed with body dysmorphic disorder, which of the following nursing interventions as a priority

Support the client effort to see corrective surgery
Recommend that the client see if physician for treatment with antipsychotic medication
Encourage the client to describe reasons for seeking treatment
Reinforce to the client that their body is perfectly normal

A

Encourage the client to describe the reasons for seeking treatment

98
Q

A client who is experiencing a panic attack has just arrived at the emergency department, which is the priority nursing intervention for this client
Stay with a client and reassure of safety
Administer a dose of diazepam
Leave the client alone in a quiet room so that she can come down
Encourage the client to talk about what triggered the attack

A

Stay with a client and reassure his safety

99
Q

A client diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder has been prescribed Bruce Brown 15 mg daily. He says so the nurse why do I have to take this every day my friend doctor ordered Xanax for him and he only takes it when he is feeling anxious which of the following would be appropriate response by the nurse.
Xanax is not effective for generalized anxiety disorder
Buspirone must be taken daily in order to be effective
I will ask the doctor if he will change your dose of buspirone to PRN so that you don’t have to take it every day
Your friend really shouldn’t be taking Xanax every day

A

Buspirone must be taken daily in order to be effective

100
Q

How do antianxiety medication, such as benzodiazepines produce a calming effect?
Depressing the CNS
Decreasing levels of no Eppinette friend and serotonin in the brain
Decreasing levels of dopamine in the brain
Inhibiting production of enzyme, MAO

A

Depressing the CNS

Psych (13 decks)

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