Child And Adolescent Flashcards
What is the first stage of Erickson’s developmental staging?
Trust versus mistrust
What ages do trust versus mistrust occurring?
Infancy from birth to 18 months
What is the second stage of Erickson’s developmental staging?
Autonomy versus shame and doubt
But what age does autonomy versus shame, and doubt take place
Toddler years from 18 months to three years
What is stage three of Ericksons developmental staging?
Initiative versus guilt
At what age does initiative versus guilt occur?
Preschool years from 3 to 5
What is stage four of Ericksons developmental staging?
 industry versus inferiority
At what age does industry versus inferiority occur
Middle school years from 6 to 11
Why is the first stage trust versus mistrust important in Erickson’s developmental staging
Child is utterly dependent on adult for everything they need to survive, including food, love warrants, safety, and nurturing if caregiver fails to provide adequate care and love, child will be come to feel that they cannot trust or depend on the adults in their life
Why is the second stage autonomy versus shame and doubt important in Erickson’s developmental staging
At this point in development, children are just starting to gain a little independence. They perform basic actions on their own and make simple decisions by allowing kids to make choices and gain control parents and caregivers help children develop sense of autonomy.
Children who struggle and who are shamed for their accidents may be left without a sense of personal control success during the stage of psychosocial development leads to feeling of autonomy, failure, results, and feelings of shame and doubt
Example  toilet training
 why is the third stage initiative versus guilt, important in the Ericson developmental staging
At this point children begin to assert their power and control over the world through direct play and social interactions. Children who successful at this stage, feel capable and able to lead others. Those who fail, acquire the skills are left with a sense of guilt and self doubt, success leads to a sense of purpose.
Why is stage four industry versus inferiority an important stage in Erickson’s developmental staging?
Through social interactions, children begins to develop a sense of pride in their accomplishments in abilities, children need to cope with the new social and academic demands. Success leads to a sense of competence will failure, results and feelings of inferiority, those who receive little or no encouragement from parents, teachers or peers will doubt their abilities to be successful.
Define intellectual disability
A disorder with onset during the developmental period that includes both intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits, and conceptual, social impractical domains
When does the onset of an intellectual developmental disorder occur
Prior to 18 years and is characterized by impairments in measures intellectual performance and adaptive skills across multiple domains
How is the general intellectual functioning measured?
Both clinical assessments in a persons performance on an IQ test
What is adaptive functioning?
Refers to a persons, ability to adapt to requirements of activities of daily living and expectations of his or her cultural group
What accounts for approximately 30% of intellectual disability cases
Conditions that result in early alteration, in embryonic development
The degree of severity of an intellectual disability may be measured by what
The clients acute level
How are the levels of an intellectual disability categorized?
Mild, moderate severe and profound
The levels are differentiated between the ability of the child to perform self-care, cognitive and educational ability, social and communication capabilities, and psycho, motor capabilities
What does mild intellectual disability look like?
Capable of independent, living academic skills to six grade level developing social skills and psycho motor skills, not affected
What does moderate intellectual disability look like?
Can perform some activities independently capable of academic skill to second grade experience some limitation and speech and motor development is fair
What does severe intellectual disability look like?
Trained in elementary hygiene, skills require supervision. Unable to benefit academically minimal verbal skills poor psycho, motor development, simple tasks.
What is profound, intellectual disability look like?
No capacity for independent functioning, constant aid, and supervision Little, if any speech, lack of ability for both fine and gross motor movements
What are some possible nursing diagnosis for intellectual disability?
Risk for injury
Self-care deficit
Impaired verbal communication
Impaired social interaction
Delayed growth and development
How would you create a plan of nursing interventions with a child who has an IDD?
 the plan of care directed toward the individual client with the participation of primary caregivers, including the scope of the client condition, realistic expectations, and resources
What is autism spectrum disorder characterized by?
Withdrawal of a child into the self, and into a fantasy world that is his or her own creation
What are some of the signs of autism
Inappropriate playing with toys
Inability to relate to others
Hyperactivity or passiveness
Inappropriate laughing or crying
Over sensitive or sensitive to sounds
Poor speech, or lack of speech
Strange attachment to objects
Lack of awareness of danger
Difficulty dealing with changes to a routine
How does someone diagnose with autism spectrum disorder?
Diagnosis is adapted to each individual by clinical specifiers level of severity, verbal abilities and associated features known genetic disorders. Autism spectrum disorder includes a wide range of symptoms and levels of severity that impact thinking, feeling communication and social relationships.
Behavior is often limited and repetitive, but each child is likely to have unique pattern of behavior and level of severity from low to high functioning
Is autism one specific disorder?
No, it occurs along a spectrum, varying levels of functionality. Some individuals are highly functioning and highly intelligent, in spite of communication, impairments and repetitive or restrictive behaviors.
What are you assessing for in a child with with autism
Impairment and social interaction
Impairment and communication and imaginative activity
Restricted activities and interest
Why does a child with autism have impairment and social interaction?
Children with ASD have difficulty forming interpersonal relationships with others. They show little interest in people and often do not respond to others attempts at interaction as infants they may have a version to affection and physical contact as toddlers attachment to a significant adult may be either absent, or manifested an exaggerated adherence .
Why might a child with autism have impairment in communication and imaginative activity?
Both verbal and nonverbal skills are affected in more severe levels. Language may be totally absent.
