Anxiety Disorders

Question 0

Fear

Answer 0

An immediate alarm reaction to a situation that is dangerous or life threatening

Question 1

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Answer 1

Shows we benefit from small amounts of anxiety, best performance at a medium level of arousal

Question 2

Panic

Answer 2

Sudden, overwhelming fright or terror in the absence of obvious threat or danger

Question 3

Biological contributions to anxiety

Answer 3

Temperamental differences
Genetic
GABA
Limbic system

Question 4

Psychological contributors

Answer 4

How we view our level of control

Triggers

Question 5

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Answer 5

Excessive anxiety occurring more days than not, difficulty controlling worry, restlessness, fatigue, irritability, sleep disturbance

Question 6

Statistics for GAD

Answer 6

4% meet criteria in a given year
5.7% in their lifetime
Females two thirds

Question 7

Treatment options for GAD

Answer 7

Benzodiazepines for short use, SSRIs, CBT

Question 8

Panic attack

Answer 8

Sudden intense fear associated with physical symptoms like sweating, palpitations, feelings of choking, nausea, chills, etc.
Last about 10 minutes
Not panic disorder

Question 9

Agoraphobia

Answer 9

Fear of being alone in and avoiding certain places or situations where escape would be difficult in the event of a panic attack

Panic disorder may be diagnosed with or without such

Question 10

Panic disorder

Answer 10

Recurrent unexpected panic attacks and persistent worry about future attacks

May include agoraphobia

Question 11

Panic disorder statistics

Answer 11

2.8% of pop within a year
4.7% within their lifetime
75% are women

One third in treatment

Question 12

Nocturnal panic

Answer 12

Occur during the deepest stages of sleep, multiple times a night, awake suddenly and think they are dying or having a heart attack, sometimes expedience isolated sleep paralysis
60% will experience

Question 13

Panic disorder causes

Answer 13

Neurobiologically over reactive, learned alarms, inherited tendency to be stressed

Question 14

Treatment for panic disorder

Answer 14

SSRIs, exposure based psychotherapy, combination of both is NOT better

Question 15

Specific phobia

Answer 15

Marked or persistent fear due to presence of or anticipation or a specific object or situation for at least 6 months
Exposure produces distress, situations avoided, recognition that fear is unfounded

Question 16

Vasovagal response

Answer 16

Heritable tendency to faint

Often stimulated in blood-injection-injury phobia

Question 17

Phobia stats

Answer 17

8.7% in a given year
12.5% in a lifetime
Female to male 2:1
Few receive treatment

Question 18

Phobia causes

Answer 18

Direct traumatic experience
False alarms
Anxiety about the experience happening again

Question 19

Specific phobia treatment

Answer 19

Exposure therapy that is carefully planned and communicated

Question 20

Social phobia (social anxiety disorder)

Answer 20

Marked and persistent fear of one or more social or performance situations in which the person is exposed to unfamiliar people or scrutiny by others
Such experiences are avoided and cause excessive anxiety/fear

Question 21

Social phobia stats

Answer 21

7% pop in a given year
12% lifetime
Onset around 13
Even rates between men and women

Question 22

Causes of social phobia

Answer 22

Hypervigilance to negative facial expressions, heritability (3x), vulnerability and conditioning

Question 23

Treatment for social phobia

Answer 23

Group therapy, cognitive therapy, medications (MAOs and SSRIs)0

Question 24

Obsessions

Answer 24

Recurrent intrusive thoughts or impulses Focus types: symmetry, forbidden thoughts/actions, cleaning

Question 25

Compulsions

Answer 25

Repetitive, ritualistic, time consuming behaviors or mental acts that a person is drive to perform in response to an obsession Common: counting, washing, arranging

Question 26

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Answer 26

Presence of obsessions and/or compulsions, recognition of unreasonableness, cause distress or interfere with functioning, consumes more than an hour per day of time

Question 27

OCD stats

Answer 27

1% in a given year 1-3% in lifetime 13% may experience symptoms without meeting criteria Male:female in children, reverses in adults

Question 28

Causes of OCD

Answer 28

``` Conditioning (compulsions relieve anxiety response, engage again) Biological abnormalities (low serotonin, GABA, glutamate, dopamine, deficits in orbitofrontal cortex, caudate nuclei over active) ```

Question 29

Treatment for OCD

Answer 29

SSRIs show modest results Exposure and response prevention Cingulotomy (neurosurgery that involves surgically producing a lesion on the brain to stop obsessive thoughts)

Question 30

Hoarding disorder

Answer 30

Persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value, results in the accumulation of possessions that compromises health and intended use

Question 31

Hoarding disorder stats

Answer 31

Estimated around 2-6% Three times as prevalent in older adults Onset in early life, severity increases with age

Question 32

Hair-pulling disorder (trichotillomania)

Answer 32

Recurrent pulling out of ones hair, results in hair loss Repeated attempts to stop Causes distress

Question 33

Trichotillomania stats

Answer 33

1-2% in a given year Female:male 10:1, equal in children Onset at puberty Chronic waxing and waning

Question 34

Excoriation (skin picking disorder)

Answer 34

Recurrent skin picking resulting in lesions, repeated attempts to stop, clinical distress

Question 35

Excoriation stats

Answer 35

Lifetime in adults 1.4% | 75% female

Question 36

Body dystrophic disorder

Answer 36

Preoccupation with one or more perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance that are not apparent to others, performs repetitive behaviors in response, clinical distress

Question 37

BDD stats

Answer 37

2.5% equal in men and women 10% will attempt suicide Similar mechanism to OCD

Question 38

BDD treatments

Answer 38

SSRIs, cognitive therapy, exposure and response prevention