Substance Abuse And Addictive Disorders

Question 0

Withdrawal

Answer 0

Body becomes dependent on the substance, painful symptoms when substance is withheld

Question 1

Tolerance

Answer 1

Brain and body adjust to the use of a substance, more is required to feel its effects

Question 2

General prevalence rates for substance abuse

Answer 2

8.9% of teens and adults in a given year
11-20% seek treatment
Rates highest among Native Americans lowest in Asian Americans

Question 3

Changes in the DSM-5

Answer 3

Different categories collapsed into one diagnosis, criteria based on specific substance

Question 4

Substance use disorder

Answer 4

A problematic pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress

Question 5

Alcohol intoxication

Answer 5

Recent ingestion of alcohol, clinically significant problematic behavior or psychological changes, slurred speech, lack of coordination, nystagmus, stupor or coma

Question 6

Alcohol withdrawal

Answer 6

Cessation or reduction in alcohol use that has been heavy and prolonged with two of the following: autonomic hyperactivity, hand tremor, insomnia, nausea, hallucinations, anxiety, seizures

Question 7

Depressants

Answer 7

Alcohol
Sedatives
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines

Question 8

Effects of alcohol

Answer 8

Depresses the brain, causes liver disease, pancreatitis, cardiovascular disorders, brain damage

Question 9

Alcohol Use Stats

Answer 9

~50% over the age of twelve consume
Highest rates in whites, lowest in native Hawaiians
23% binge drink (42% of college kids)

Question 10

Alcohol Use Disorder Stats

Answer 10

4.6% in a given year (12-17)
8.5% in a given year (18+)
Higher in men than women

Question 11

Alcohol intoxication stats

Answer 11

44% of 12th grade students

70% of high school students

Question 12

Alcohol withdrawal stats

Answer 12

50% of middle class
80% of the hospitalized and homeless
Less than 10% experience delirium or seizures

Question 13

Barbiturates

Answer 13

Sedatives used for sleep assistance
Act as muscle relaxers, similar to alcohol intoxication, may enter a paralysis of the diaphragm to the point of suffocation

Question 14

Benzodiazepines

Answer 14

Anxiolytics, date rape drug, Xanax and Valium, induces calm and sleep, can quickly result in tolerance, fatal when combined with alcohol

Question 15

Sedative, hypnotic, and anxiolytics stats

Answer 15

0.3% in a year
Higher in adult males than females
Opposite in teens

Question 16

Stimulants

Answer 16

Amphetamines, cocaine, nicotine, caffeine

Question 17

Amphetamines

Answer 17

Manufactured, reduction in fatigue, elation, energy, significant crash, ecstasy, and crystal meth

Question 18

Amphetamine use disorder stats

Answer 18

0.2%

Equal in males and females

Question 19

Cocaine

Answer 19

Effects short lived, increases blood pressure and pulse, can cause paranoia, exaggerated fears, can be fatal

Question 20

Cocaine Use Disorder

Answer 20

0.2-0.3%

Higher in males than females

Question 21

Nicotine

Answer 21

21% currently smoke
No real intoxication phase, but significant withdrawal effects
Activates the pleasure pathway

Question 22

Caffeine

Answer 22

90% use caffeine
Improves mood and decreases fatigue
Withdrawal may include headaches, drowsiness, and irritability

Question 23

Opioids

Answer 23

Naturally occurring and synthetic chemicals that have the effects of narcotics (heroin, oxycodone, hydrocodone)
Withdrawal can occur in a matter of hours without the drug

Question 24

Opioid use disorder stats

Answer 24

0.37%-1% | Higher in males than females

Question 25

Hallucinogens

Answer 25

LSD, mescaline, psilocybin, PCP Change how individuals perceive the world by distorting the five senses

Question 26

LSD effects

Answer 26

Synthetic, produce intensified perceptual experiences, rapid heartbeat, sweating, effects last a few hours, tolerance develops very quickly, may produce psychotic reactions

Question 27

Hallucinogen use disorder stats

Answer 27

.5%-.1% in a given year | Higher in adult males than females, opposite for teens

Question 28

PCP

Answer 28

Synthetic produced in 1926 as an anesthetic, produces numbness, intoxication, convulsions, paranoia, hallucinations, changes in mood, may increase suicidal behavior, stays in the body for 8+ days

Question 29

PCP use disorder stats

Answer 29

Unknown | 2.5% of the pop reports use in a lifetime

Question 30

Cannabis (Marijuana)

Answer 30

Most commonly used illegal substance, effects are variable, associated with impairments in memory, concentration, relationships, work, potentially significant medical side effects

Question 31

Cannabis use disorder stats

Answer 31

3.4% for 12-17 1.5% for 18+ Higher in males than females

Question 32

Inhalants

Answer 32

Spray paint, hair spray, paint thinner Rapidly absorbed in the bloodstream and produces a high Risk of death and brain damage

Question 33

Gambling disorder

Answer 33

Persistent and recurrent problematic gambling behavior leading to clinically significant impairment or distress

Question 34

Biological causes of substance use disorder

Answer 34

Family and genetics, activation of he pleasure and reward pathways

Question 35

Psychological causes of substance use disorder

Answer 35

Positive and negative reinforcement which both encourage behaviors

Question 36

Expectancy effect

Answer 36

The way individuals experiences the effects of the drugs is due in part to how they expect to react Acting drunk when they have received no alcohol

Question 37

Cravings

Answer 37

Very intense, can derail abstinence Can be turned on by memories access, moods, small doses

Question 38

Social factors in substance use

Answer 38

Exposure makes it more likely, parents may transmit behaviors to children or lack supervision

Question 39

Treatment for substance use disorder

Answer 39

Agonists, antagonists, aversive, inpatient treatment, AA or other groups, controlled use, motivational interviewing, CBT

Question 40

Agonists

Answer 40

Safe drug replaces an abused substance Nicotine gum for cigarettes

Question 41

Antagonists

Answer 41

Instead of producing a pleasurable effect, these medications produce withdrawal symptoms which should train the individual to avoid the drug

Question 42

Aversive

Answer 42

Antabuse is used to produce highly unpleasant symptoms when substance is ingested