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Abnormal Psych Final > Models Of Abnormality > Flashcards

Models Of Abnormality Flashcards

0
Q

Equifinality

A

Similar outcomes stem from a variety of experiences

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1
Q

Model/Paradigm

A

A set of assumptions and concepts that help and interpret observations

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2
Q

Multifinality

A

Many outcomes stem from similar early experiences

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3
Q

Structures that make up the brain stem

A

Medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain

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4
Q

Brain structures that make up the limbic system

A

Hippocampus, cingulate gyrus, amygdala

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5
Q

The diathesis-stress model

A

Biological and psychological vulnerability interact with environmental stress to determine how likely a person is to develop a disorder

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6
Q

Unconditional positive regard

A

Providing a positive, accepting environment for clients in order for them to recover better and learn positive self-regard

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7
Q

Central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal cord

Processes information, commands the body, relays messages, controls reflexes

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8
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Maintains all nerves and and neurons not in the brain and spinal cord

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9
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Carries information to voluntary muscles

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10
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Contains all involuntary muscles

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11
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Mobilizes the fight or flight response

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12
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Stimulation of rest and digest, returns the body back to a normal state

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13
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Functions of reasoning, self control, emotion, regulation, executive functions

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14
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Integration of sensory signals

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15
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Functions of memory, auditory processing

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16
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Integration of visual information

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17
Q

Serotonin

A

Regulates appetite, sleep/wake cycle, expression of emotion

Associated with regulatory, OCD, and mood disorders

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18
Q

Dopamine

A

Regulates reward driven behavior, extroversion vs. introversion

Implicated in Parkinson’s and schizophrenia

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19
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Regulates attention and emotional response

Controls fight or flight response

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20
Q

GABA

A

Primary inhibitory neurotransmitter

Implicated in anxiety disorders

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21
Q

Humanistic therapy

A

Emphasizes self awareness, meaning making, and freedom of choice

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22
Q

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

A

Combination of cognitive and behavioral therapies, most empirically supported treatment

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23
Q

Cognitive distortions

A

Mind reading, catastrophizing, labeling, discounting the positive, over generalization, all or none thinking, shoulda

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24
Positive reinforcement
Adds a desirable consequence
25
Negative reinforcement
Removes and undesirable consequence
26
Positive punishment
Adds an undesirable consequence
27
Negative punishment
Removes a desirable consequence
28
Id
Division of the personality that contains life and death instincts and operates on the pleasure principle
29
Ego
Logical/rational division of personality which operates in the conscious system and satisfies id urges by the reality principle
30
Superego
Moral component of personality, sets guidelines and limits the ego
31
Preconscious
Thoughts feelings memories not consciously aware but may easily be brought forward
32
Conscious
Thoughts etc that a person is aware of at a given moment
33
Unconscious
Primary motivating force that never been conscious, contains repressed memories, instincts, desires, etc
34
Unconditioned stimulus
Stimulus that elicits an unlearned response
35
Unconditioned response
Response elicited by a UCS
36
Conditioned stimulus
Neutral stimulus that after paring with a UCS elicits a CR
37
Conditioned response
Leaned response to a CS after repeated pairing
38
Neuron
A nerve cell
39
Synapse
The tiny space between the nerve ending of one neuron and the dendrite of another
40
Neurotransmitter
A chemical that is released by one neuron and crosses the synapse to be received at the receptors on the neighboring neuron
41
Receptor
A site on a neuron that receives a neurotransmitter
42
Hormones
Chemicals released by endocrines in the bloodstream
43
Genes
Chromosome segments that control the characteristics and traits we inherit
44
Psychotropic medications
Drugs that primarily affect the brain and reduce many symptoms of mental dysfunctioning
45
Fixation
According to Freud, a condition in which the id, ego, and superego do not mature properly and are frozen at an early stage of development
46
Biological model
Human behavior has a significant biological component
47
Basal ganglia
Coordination and movement, voluntary movement, cognition
48
Cerebellum
"Little brain", associated with balance, fine motor coordination, muscle tone, learning and memory
49
Defense mechanisms
Aspect of psychoanalytic theory, used by the ego to defend against anxiety and maintain self esteem Displacement, projection, rationalization, reaction formation, repression, regression, sublimation, denial, intellectualization
50
Behavioral model
Focus on external and internal behaviors, the importance of learned behaviors
51
Classical conditioning
An organism learns to associate one stimulus with another Pavlov
52
Operant conditioning
Behavior is learned based on rewards and punishment
53
Shaping
Gradually molding desired behavior by reinforcing any movement in the direction of the desired response
54
Successive approximation
A series of gradual steps each more similar to the final desired response
55
Extinction
The weakening and eventual disappearance of the conditioned response as a result of withheld reinforcement
56
Modeling
Learning behavior via observation and imitation
57
Systematic desensitization
Step by step treatment designed to gradually change behavioral reactions to phobic stimuli
58
Cognitive model
Field of study that examines how humans acquire, process, store, and retrieve information
59
Cognitive therapy
Focuses on developing new, more adaptive ways of thinking
60
Learned helplessness
When we feel like we lack control we stop trying Researched by Martin Seligman
61
Sociocultural model
Abnormal behaviors stem from an individual's cultural norms, social roles, social labels, expectations, and family structure/communication
62
Family social treatments
Group therapy, family therapy, couples therapy, community based treatments

Abnormal Psych Final (15 decks)

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