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Psychiatric Nursing > Anxiety disorders > Flashcards

Anxiety disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Disturbances in serotonin , norepinephrine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of …

A

anxiety disorders

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2
Q

Fear, particularly important in panic and phobic disorders

A

Amygdala

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3
Q

Associated with memory related to fear responses

A

Hippocampus

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4
Q

Arousal

A

Locus ceruleus

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5
Q

Respiratory activation, heart rate

A

Brain stem

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6
Q

Activation of stress response

A

Hypothalamus

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7
Q

Cognitive interpretations

A

Frontal cortex

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8
Q

Integration of sensory stimuli

A

Thalamus

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9
Q

Tremor

A

Basal ganglia

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10
Q

Recurrent attacks, unpredictable, intense fear, feeling of impending doom; intense physical discomfort

A

Panic disorder

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11
Q

Chronic , unrealistic , excessive anxiety and worry; symptoms existed 6 months or longer .

A

Generalized anxiety disorder

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12
Q

Fear of being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult ; help might not be available

A

Agoraphobia without history of panic disorder

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13
Q

Fear of situations in which a person might do something embarrassing or be evaluated negatively by others

A

Social phobia

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14
Q

Unreasonable fear when in the presence of, or when anticipating an encounter with , a specific object or situation

A

Specific phobia

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15
Q

Unwanted repetitive behavior pattern or mental acts ( praying, counting) that are intended to reduce anxiety , not to provide pleasure . They may be performed to an obsession or in stereotyped fashion

A

Compulsions

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16
Q

Recurrent obsessions or compulsions that are severe enough to be time consuming or to cause marked distress or significant impairment

A

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

17
Q

The development of characteristic symptoms following exposure to an extreme traumatic stressor involving a personal threat to physical integrity or to the physical integrity of others

A

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

18
Q
  1. Panic anxiety - Panic disoreder ; Generalized anxiety diorder
  2. Powerlessness -
  3. Fear - Phobic diosrder
  4. Social isolation - Phobic disorder
  5. Ineffective coping - OCD
  6. Ineffective role performance - OCD
  7. Posttrauma syndrome - PTSD
  8. Complicated grieving - PTCD
A

nursing diagnoses commonly associated with anxiety disorders

19
Q

Characterized by physical symptoms suggesting medical disease , but without demonstrable organic pathology or known pathophysiological mechanism to account for them .

A

Somatoform disorders : pain disorder; hypochondriasis; conversion disorder; body dysmorphic disorder

20
Q

Disruption in the usually integrated functions of consciousness , memory, identity or perception

A

Dissociative disorders - dissociative amnesia; dissociative identity disorder; depersonalization disorder

21
Q 
Supportive therapy
• Group therapy
• Cognitive-behavioral strategies
• Stress reduction
• Relaxation training
• Psychopharmacology
A

four psychological interventions the nurse might use in the treatment of
the patient with a maladaptive psychophysiological response to stress.

22
Q

particularly effective

treatment for panic disorder

A

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) - a patient can gain mastery over panic episodes by identifying and replacing negative beliefs that cause anxiety with positive,
empowering self-talk.

23
Q

GABA acts by

A

nhibiting neurotransmitter release at the synapses, thus
preventing neurons from “overfiring.” This decrease in neuronal activity keeps anxiety messages from reaching the brain and produces a calming effect. The opposite effect will occur if the
action of GABA is inhibited; anxiety can increase to cause a panic response.

24
Q

Alprazolam ( Xanax )

A

benzodiazepine - antianxiety agent

25
Q

Chlordiazepoxide (Librium )

A

benzodiazepine - antianxiety agent

26
Q

Diazepam ( Valium )

A

benzodiazepine - antianxiety agent

27
Q

Clonazepam ( Klonopin )

A

benzodiazepine - antianxiety agent

28
Q

Buspirone ( BuSpar )

A

azaspirodecanediones - antianxiety agent

29
Q

Depress subcortical levels of the CNS, particularly the limbic system and reticular formation ; may potentiate powerful inhibitory action of GABA.

A

benzodiazepines action

30
Q

not known; does not depress the CNS; desired effect through interactions with serotonin , dopamine, and other neurotransmitter receptors

A

Buspirone action

31
Q

Used in the treatment of anxiety disorders , anxiety symptoms, acute alcohol withdrawal, skeletal muscle spasms, convulsive disorders, status epilepticus, preoperative sedation

A

antianxiety agents - indications

32
Q
  1. Drowsiness, confusion, lethargy
  2. Tolerance; physical and psychological dependence
  3. Potentiate the effects of other CNS depressants
  4. Aggravation of depression
  5. Orthostatic hypotension
  6. Paradoxical excitement (opposite effect)
  7. Nausea and vomiting
  8. Dry mouth
  9. Blood dyscrasias ( unusual bleeding)
A

benzodiazepines - side effects

33
Q

same as for benzodiazepines except

  1. No tolerance
  2. Delayed onset - 10 days - 2 weeks
A

Buspirone - side effects

34
Q

For patients on long-term therapy - Don’t quit taking the drug abruptly - can be life threatening - depression, insomnia, increased anxiety, abdominal and muscle cramps , tremors, vomiting, sweating, convulsions, and delirium

A

benzodiazepines - Tolerance - interventions

35
Q
  1. Antianxiety - antiolytic agents : benzodiazepines + Buspirone
  2. Antidepressants
A

Psychopharmacological therapy - anxiety disorders

36
Q

Used to desensitize individuals to phobic stimuli ; individual is “flooded” with continuous presentation (through mental imagery) of the phobic stimulus until it no longer elicits anxiety

A

Implosive therapy - flooding

37
Q

technique for assisting individuals to overcome their fear of a phobic stimulus; there is hierarchy of anxiety producing events through which the individual progresses during therapy

A

Systematic desensitization

Psychiatric Nursing (11 decks)

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