Anxiety Disorders Flashcards

Question

What is the difference between Generalized and Non-Generalized social anxiety disorder?

Answer 1

Generalized Social Phobia involve many different interpersonal situations an earlier age of onset more severe impairment than specific phobia Specific SP involves intense fear of one particular situation (e.g., public speaking)

Answer 2

Inappropriate behaviour or a lack of social skills is the cause of social anxiety The individual has not learned how to behave so that he or she feels comfortable with others or the person repeatedly commits faux pas, is awkward and socially inept, and is often criticized by social companions. The timing and placement of social responses in a social interaction are impaired

Answer 3

Focus on how people’s thought processes can serve as a diathesis and on how thoughts can maintain a phobia Anxiety is related to being more likely to: Attend to negative stimuli Interpret ambiguous information as threatening Believe that negative events are more likely than positive ones to re-occur

Answer 4

A form of rumination about previous experiences and responses to these situations, especially experiences involving other people that did not turn out well. There is a link between social anxiety and PEP.

Answer 5

``` Taijin Kyofusho (TKS): Fear of doing something that will embarrass, offend, bring shame to others Symptoms include fear of eye contact and blushing ```

Answer 6

Antidepressant medication (MAOIs, SSRIs) Understanding the source or underlying causes Cognitive-behavioral therapy Exposure to social situations Cognitive techniques (e.g., examination of evidence, video feedback) Social skills training

Answer 7

Characterized by unexpected panic attacks that seem to come “out of the blue” Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks At least one attack followed by persistent concern about having additional attacks worry about implications or consequences of the attack significant behavioral change related to the attacks Absence or presence of Agoraphobia

Answer 8

Anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult or embarrassing, or where help may not be available. Situations are avoided, restricted or endured with distress or anxiety about having a panic attack or symptoms, or require the presence of a companion

Answer 9

Being outside the home alone Being in a crowd or standing in line Traveling in car, bus, or train Being on a bridge

Answer 10

Occurrence of “unexpected” panic attacks that often seem to come “out of the blue” Brevity (brief) Intensity Worry or avoidance of situations in which a panic attack may occur

Answer 11

Among the Inuit of Northern Canada and west Greenland, kayak-angst occurs among seal hunters who are alone at sea. Attacks involve intense fear, disorientation, and concerns about drowning.

Answer 12

Moderate heritable component Many biochemical panic provocation agents (e.g., sodium lactate, caffeine) Noradrenergic activity can stimulate cardiovascular symptoms (possible implication of locus ceruleus and cortical-limbic fear network Problem in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) GABA generally inhibit noradrenergic activity PET study found fewer GABA-receptor binding sites in people with PD Therapeutic improvement involves changes in GABA receptors, but this applies to both anxiety and depression

Answer 13

Interoceptive conditioning - “fear of fear” Anxiety sensitivity and perceived control Safety behaviors and maintenance of panic Cognitive biases and maintenance of panic The cognitive theory of panic: There is converging evidence that anxiety sensitivity acts as a risk factor for anxiety psychopathology Anxiety sensitivity predicts the development of spontaneous panic attacks. More importantly, independent of a history of anxiety problems and baseline trait anxiety, anxiety sensitivity predicted the development of anxiety diagnoses, including anxiety, mood, and alcohol-use disorders.

Answer 14

Medications: Minor tranquilizers (benzodiazepines) Antidepressants (tricyclics, SSRIs) Cognitive-behavioral treatments: Breathing techniques and progressive relaxation Cognitive techniques (e.g., target catastrophizing) Exposure

Answer 15

Chronic, excessive or unreasonable anxiety and worry about a number of events and daily activities as well as health Free-floating anxiety Difficult to control the worry Anxious apprehension The anxiety and worry are accompanied by several of the following: restlessness or feeling keyed up or on edge being easily fatigued difficulty concentrating or mind going blank irritability muscle tension sleep disturbance

Answer 16

Psychodynamic theory: defense mechanisms aren’t working Uncontrollable or unpredictable events Lack of safety signals = hypervigilance Cognitive biases: Attentional bias toward threatening information Negative interpretation of ambiguous information Vicious cycle: worry, intrusive thoughts, anxiety Benefits of worry according to GAD patients: Superstitious avoidance of catastrophe Actual avoidance of catastrophe Avoidance of deeper emotional topics Coping and preparation Motivating device Negative reinforcement Non-occurrence of feared events Worry suppresses emotional and physiological response to aversive imagery

Answer 17

Mild-modest heritability Neuroticism could underlie shared genetic vulnerability with Major Depression GABA deficiency Neurobiological model for GAD based on fact that benzodiazepines are often effective in treating anxiety Receptor in the brain for benzodiazepines has been linked to the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA Benzodiazepines may  anxiety by  release of GABA Drugs that block or inhibit the GABA system  anxiety

Answer 18

``` Anxiolytics: Benzodiazepines Buspirone Antidepressants (SSRIs) CBT: Worry outcome monitoring Identifying and targeting core fears Response prevention (avoidance) Present-moment focus of attention - mindfulness Understand the underlying conflicts associated with the anxiety and worry Work through origins of the defence Help to experience emotions associated with origin ```

Anxiety Disorders Flashcards

(42 cards)