Anxiety & Psychiatric Disorders

Question 1

T/F: anxiety in small doses is normal

Answer 1

true

Question 2

when does anxiety becomes pathologic?

Answer 2

when pts have chronic baseline of anxiety

Question 3

anxiety disorder

Answer 3

• excessive and uncontrollable

- requires no specific external stimulus

Question 4

what can anxiety disorder result in?

Answer 4

physical syms and changes in behavior/cognition

Question 5

what are the two patterns of anxiety disorders?

Answer 5

• chronic, generalized

- episodic, panic-like

Question 6

what is the most frequently found psychiatric state in the general population?

Answer 6

anxiety disorder

Question 7

what is the cause of anxiety disorder?

Answer 7

• no single biologic or psychological cause identified
• generalized anxiety disorder
• phobias
• PTSD
• panic disorder

Question 8

txtment of anxiety disorders

Answer 8

• behavioral txtment

- drug txtment

Question 9

which drugs do pts with anxiety disorders take?

Answer 9

• selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSEIs)

- benzodiazepines

Question 10

how do you txt severe cases of anxiety disorder?

Answer 10

psychotherapy

Question 11

what treatment is the maximum benefit for pts with anxiety disorders?

Answer 11

behavioral therapy + drug therapy

Question 12

dental management of pts with anxiety disorders

Answer 12

• ID pts that may need additional supportive care
• appropriate level of personal interest with pt
• nitrous oxide

Question 13

which age group commonly has panic attacks?

Answer 13

late adolescence to mid-30s

Question 14

panic attack

Answer 14

sudden, overwhelming feeling of terror

Question 15

pathophysiology of panic attack

Answer 15

adrenergic surge = fight-or-flight

Question 16

how long do panic attacks last?

Answer 16

syms peak at 10 mins and lasts 20-30 mins

Question 17

syms of panic attack

Answer 17

• dyspnea
• palpitations
• dizziness
• faintness
• trembling
• sweating
• choking
• flushes
• numbness/tingling
• chest pain

Question 18

what can be correlated with a panic attack?

Answer 18

hyperventilation

Question 19

hyperventilation

Answer 19

rapid, shallow breathing

Question 20

txtment for hyperventillation

Answer 20

• upright position
• reassure and talk with pt
• breathe slowly with paper bag or into cupped hands over nose and mouth

Question 21

hyperventilation leads to excessive loss of what?

Answer 21

CO2

Question 22

why do you want to sit the pt who is hyperventilating in an upright position?

Answer 22

pt can experience carpopedal spasm

Question 23

syncope is most frequently seen in males of what ages?

Answer 23

ages 17-25

Question 24

syms of syncope

Answer 24

• pallor
• sweating
• nausea
• anxiety
• yawning

Question 25

causes syncope

Answer 25

anxiety and other causes

Question 26

txtment for syncope

Answer 26

- supine, feet up - support airway - oxygen, aromatic ammonia

Question 27

what percent of US adults have mood disorders?

Answer 27

5%

Question 28

what are the two most common mood disorders in the US?

Answer 28

- depression | - bipolar disorder

Question 29

syms of depression

Answer 29

- depressed most of day - marked decreased in interest/pleasure of most activities - marked gain/loss in weight - insomnia/hypersomnia

Question 30

how long can depression last if not treated?

Answer 30

8-9 months

Question 31

what is the 1st line of meds for pts with depression?

Answer 31

SSRIs

Question 32

dental management of pts with depression

Answer 32

- all dentistry indicated - support pt - drug interactions

Question 33

bipolar disorder

Answer 33

highlighted by the manic episode

Question 34

mood during manic episode in pt with bipolar disorder

Answer 34

euphoric and cheerful

Question 35

syms of pt with bipolar disorder

Answer 35

- inflated self-esteem - grandiosity - decreased need for sleep - excessive speech - distractibility

Question 36

drug therapy for pts with bipolar disorder

Answer 36

- mood-stabilizing drugs | - lithium

Question 37

goal of drug therapy for pts with bipolar disorder

Answer 37

- rapid control of depressive and manic syms | - prevent future episodes or decreased severity/frequency