Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

SU18: Internal med final > Liver Disease > Flashcards

Liver Disease Flashcards

(73 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

why are the numbers of acute viral hepatitis declining?

A

vaccines and decrease in high-risk behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what percent of ppl with chronic viral hepatitis has primary liver cancer?

A

78%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what percent of ppl with chronic viral hepatitis has cirrhosis?

A

57%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

5 forms of viral hepatitis

A

A, B, C, D, E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

which forms of viral hepatitis is infectious and transmitted via fecal-oral route?

A

A&E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the txtment for hepatitis A & E

A

they’re self-limited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how is hepatitis B, C, D transmitted?

A

via serum, body fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T/F: clinical manifestations of hepatitis B, C, D are similar and differ only in serologic assays

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what type of infections are hepatitis B, C, D?

A

chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what can hepatitis B, C, D lead to?

A
  • cirrhosis of liver

- hepatocellular carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

pathophysiology of liver disease secondary to viral hepatitis

A
  • not well understood
  • none of 5 viruses are directly cytopathic
  • hepatocyte damage caused by inflammatory changes secondary to immune activation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

clinical presentation of acute viral hepatitis

A

highly variable, asymptomatic

*is a severe disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis

A
  • antigen-antibody serologic tests to identify virus

- blood tests to assess the effect on the liver and amount of damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

treatment of acute viral hepatitis

A

palliative and supportive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is monitored in pts with acute viral hepatitis?

A

viral antigen and liver enzymes to follow resolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how long are pts with acute viral hepatitis monitored?

A

6 months to watch for signs of acute liver failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

can pts with acute viral hepatitis take Tylenol?

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

syms of chronic viral infection (carrier)

A

no signs of liver disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what percent of chronic viral infection is caused by HBV?

A

6-10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what percent of chronic viral infection is caused by HCV?

A

70-90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

can chronic viral infection persist or progress to chronic active hepatitis?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

chronic active viral hepatitis

A
  • active viral replication
  • elevated serum viral antigens
  • syms of liver disease
  • elevation of liver enzymes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what does it mean if a pt has a more elevated liver fxn test?

A

the more severe the disease is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what percent of chronic active viral hepatitis is caused by HBV?

A

3-5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what percent of chronic active viral hepatitis is caused by HCV?
40-50%
26
what percent of chronic active viral hepatitis leads to cirrhosis?
20%
27
what percent of chronic active viral hepatitis leads to hepatocellular carcinoma?
1-5%
28
what drug is used to treat chronic active viral hepatitis?
interferon
29
how long would pts with chronic active viral hepatitis have to take interferon?
6 months to a year
30
what percent of pts on interferon discontinue therapy?
15% | *due to adverse effects
31
T/F: Hep C causes more live failure than Hep B
false | - Hep B>Hep C
32
liver failure
massive hepatocellular destruction
33
what is the mortality rate of liver failure?
80%
34
what is the txtment for liver failure?
antivirals or liver transplant
35
almost all alcohol ingested is metabolized by which organ?
liver
36
pathophysiology of liver disease secondary to alcoholism
- ethanol is hepatotoxic | - acetylaldehyde (ethanol metabolite) is fibrinogenic
37
how many stages are there in liver disease progression secondary to alcoholism
3 stages
38
what are the three stages are there in liver disease progression secondary to alcoholism
1. fatty liver 2. alcoholic hepatitis 3. cirrhosis
39
fatty liver
fatty engorgement of hepatocytes, enlargement of liver
40
is fatty liver reversible or irreversible?
reversible
41
alcoholic hepatitis
- diffuse inflammation of liver | - destructive cellular changes, some of which are irreversible and lead to necrosis
42
the effects of alcoholic hepatitis can range from?
reversible to fatal
43
the effects of alcoholic hepatitis depends on what?
- depends on pt's nutritional status (protein to repair cells) - amount of damage
44
cirrhosis
consequence of long-term damage to liver
45
is cirrhosis reversible or irreversible?
irreversible and has progressive fibrosis
46
what does cirrhosis lead to?
liver failure and dysfunction
47
if an alcoholic is abusing Tylenol, what can lead to their OD?
Tylenol | *liver can't conjugate Tylenol metabolites and will build up in liver --> lead to necrosis of liver tissue
48
liver fxns
1. removes potentially toxic byproducts of certain meds 2. prevents shortages of nutrients by storing vitamins, minerals and sugar 3. metabolizes nutrients from food to produce energy when needed 4. produces most proteins needed by body 5. helps your body fight infection by removing bacteria from blood 6. produces most of substances that regulate blood clotting 7. produces bile, compound needed to digest fat and to absorb vitamins A, D, E, and K.
49
consultation with physician to find out what information?
- cause of liver disease - severity of liver dysfunction - adjustments of drug dosage based on liver fxt tests - recommendations for medical management of increased coagulation times
50
what does blood tests evaluate?
liver fxn and coagulation status
51
what are pts with liver disease bad bleeders?
coagulation factors are low
52
pts that are predisposed to bleeding
pts with deficient Vitamin-K dependent coagulation factors
53
where is Vitamin K stored?
in liver
54
why is Vitamin K important?
it is converted to an enzymatic cofactor that assists in synthesis of prothrombin-dependent coagulation factors (II, VII, IX, X)
55
what effect does mild-moderate liver disease have on enzymes?
enzyme induction
56
mild-moderate liver disease leads to
- increased tolerance | - larger doses needed to achieve effect
57
what effect does severe liver disease have on enzymes?
enzyme activity diminished
58
severe liver disease leads to
increased, unexpected drug effect
59
should pts with liver disease take acetaminophen?
NO, can cause severe/fatal hepatocellular disease
60
dose adjustments for dental drugs
- local anesthetics - analgesics - antibiotics
61
can pts with liver disease take ibuprofen?
no, although not metabolized in liver but connected to causing liver damage in already damaged liver
62
how do you treat pts who have liver disease and an infection?
- consider antibiotics for elective surgical cases | - consider consultation with physician for antibiotic regimen
63
clinical consequences of liver dysfunction
- bleeding - altered drug metabolism - infection
64
how can you detect pts with chronic liver disease?
history
65
can you txt pts with active hepatitis?
no routine txtment; urgent care only in consultation with treating physician
66
can you txt pts with chronic hepatitis?
- routine txtment okay | - usually require physician consultation
67
T/F: bone marrow suppression is secondary to alcoholism?
true
68
bone marrow suppression can lead to what?
- thrombocytopenia - decrease in coagulation factor - decreased WBC production/fxn
69
thrombocytopenia and decrease in coagulation factors in alcoholics leads to what?
increased bleeding
70
what platelet count (CBC) would you want pts to have for minor oral surgery?
>50,000/uL
71
what is a normal platelet count for a healthy person?
3-400,000/uL
72
decreased WBC production anf fxn leads to what?
increased infection risk
73
which type of pts are we worried about bleeding?
1. pts on coumadin 2. pts w/ liver disease 3. pts with low platlets b/c of bone marrow suppression

SU18: Internal med final (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions