anxiety related disorders Flashcards
1
Q
definition of anxiety
A
- vague feeling of dread that is unwarranted by the situation
- state of feeling apprehensive over a perceived threat that is not reality based
- reaction is out of proportion
- onset may be sudden or gradual
- if handled appropriately, it can serve us well
2
Q
psychosocial and emotional s/s of anxiety
A
- unpredictable
- withdrawal
- irritability
- depression
- apathy
- anger
- crying
- emotional
- labile (unstable)
3
Q
intellectual/cognitive s/s of anxiety
A
- rumination
- obsession with an idea
- apathy
- non responsive to external stimuli
- decreased focus and concentration
4
Q
anxiety vs fear
A
- anxiety: common emotional response to unknown threats; not directly observable, only inferred by behaviors
- fear: emotional response to a real or perceived imminent threat
5
Q
mild anxiety
A
- present in people’s daily existence
- motivates learning, growth, and increases problem solving skills
- increases physical and mental alertness and perceptual field
- able to teach
6
Q
moderate anxiety
A
- speech more rapid
- faster thoughts
- not yet out of control
- narrowed perception field
- they are focusing on immediate problem
- the person feels that something is different and makes the person nervous and agitated
7
Q
severe anxiety
A
- focus is on specific details looking to obtain relief
- the person is sure a threat exists
- learning ability is impaired
- fear and distress are increased
- person uses primitive cognitive skills with low cognitive function
- more anxious pt = lower your voice and get close
8
Q
panic
A
- highest level of anxiety
- person loses behavioral control
- experiences dread and terror
- becomes irrational
- only able to concentrate on the present situation
- personality disintegration
- give short and direct commands
9
Q
psychodynamic theory
A
- based on unconscious conflicts of childhood
- anxiety is central to personality development
- inability to ego to intervene when conflict occurs between id and superego
- ex: failure to meet parental expectations; feelings of resentment
10
Q
biological theory
A
- 3 basic conditions that elicit anxiety
1. overstimulation: person is flooded with info
2. cognitive incongruity: person has difficulty reconciling with some event
3. response unavailability: person does not know how to handle a difficult situation - increased norepinephrine
- decreased serotonin & GABA
11
Q
behavioral theory
A
an individual’s response to a stressful event is often a learned conditioned behavior
12
Q
GABA and benzodiazepines
A
- GABA needs to be high to prevent anxiety
- benzos prevent post synaptic excitation
- high concentrations of GABA are in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, cortex, cerebellum, and basal ganglia
- benzos: neuron excitability is reduced creating a calming effect
13
Q
anxiety disorder
A
when anxiety becomes long term and permeates, a major portion of a person’s life leads to maladaptive behavior and emotional instability
-individuals have reality orientation and are aware of inappropriate behavior
14
Q
risk factors for anxiety disorder
A
- female
- childhood trauma
- illness
- stress
- genetics
- substance abuse
15
Q
types of anxiety disorders
A
- panic disorder with or without agoraphobia
- phobic disorder
- generalized anxiety
- ocd
- ptsd
- acute stress d/t general medical disorder
- atypical anxiety disorder
- social anxiety disorder
16
Q
panic disorder
A
- recurrent panic attacks
- no trigger, onset unpredictable
- manifested by intense apprehension, fear, or terror
- feelings of impending doom
- intense physical discomfort
- both physiological and psychological components
17
Q
phobic disorders
A
- intense fear of a specific object or situation
- most common form of anxiety disorder
- fear predominates (you fear all the time and lose concentration)
18
Q
agoraphobia
A
- most common serious phobic disorder
- increased fear of open public places r/t inability to escape
- disabling and pts develop dependent avoidant behaviors
19
Q
generalized anxiety disorder
A
- onset may begin in childhood or adolscence, but can happen after 20
- chronic, unrealistic, and excessive anxiety and worry
- depressive s/s are common
- numerous somatic complaints
- common in the elderly
- symptoms must have occurred more days than not for 6 months and cannot be attributed to specific organic factors (hyperthyroidism or caffeine intox)
- s/s must causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning
20
Q
OCD
A
- recurrent unwanted thoughts (obsessions)
- repetitive behaviors (compulsions)
- compulsions relieve their anxiety
- severe enough to be time consuming or to cause marked distress or significant impairment
- compulsions only provide temporary relief
- not performing them markedly increases anxiety
21
Q
PTSD
A
- develops after exposure to a terrifying event or ordeal in which grave physical harm occurred or was threatened
- s/s can occur right away, or may be a delay or months to years
- s/s of depression are common
- re experience the traumatic event and have a sustained high level of anxiety or arousal
22
Q
somatoform disorder
A
- presence of unconscious or unintentional physical symptoms with no organic pathology
- psychological conflicts are expressed thru the use of pathological defense mechanisms
23
Q
dissociative disorders
A
- presence of overwhelming anxiety disturbs the integration of identity, memory, consciousness and perception of the environment
- sense of reality is lost
- Freud viewed it as a defense mechanism used to remove threatening or unacceptable mental content from conscious awareness
24
Q
treatment modalities
A
- psychological tx
- individual therapy
- CBT
- behavioral therapy
- organic tx
- anxiolytics
25
systematic desensitization
- type of behavioral therapy
- gradually exposed to phobic stimulus
- master relaxation technique first
26
implosion (flooding)
- type of behavioral therapy
- no relaxation training
- fear is instilled and therapist works to decrease anxiety
- contraindicated when intense anxiety is a danger
