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Anxiety/Stress Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Fear

A

Response to a real or perceived immediate threat

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2
Q

Define Anxiety

A

Expectation of future threat, feeling of fear, worry, and uneasiness to an overreaction to a situation that is only subjectively seen as menacing

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3
Q

When does anxiety become a disorder?

A

When symptoms interfere with a persons daily life or ability to function

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4
Q

Symptoms of Anxiety Disorder

A 
Muscle tension
Poor memory
Sweaty hands
Fear or confusion
Constant worry
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5
Q

Causes of Anxiety

A 
Heart disease
DM
Thyroid problems
Asthma
Drug use/withdrawal
Tumors
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6
Q

Risk Factors for Anxiety

A 
Female
Trauma
Stress due to illness
Personality disorders
Depression
Blood relative with anxiety disorder
Drugs/alcohol
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7
Q

2 Components of Anxiety

A

Awareness of physiological sensations

Awareness of being nervous or frightened

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8
Q

Emotional Symptoms of Anxiety

A 
Excessive fear & worry
Feelings of apprehension
Trouble concentrating
Feeling tense
Anticipating the worse possible outcome
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9
Q

Physical Symptoms of Anxiety

A 
Pounding heart
Sweating
Stomach ache
Frequent urination
SOB
Muscle twitches
Headache
Fatigue
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10
Q

Major Neurotransmitters in Anxiety

A

Norepinephrine: over activation
Serotonin: under activation
Dopamine
GABA

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11
Q

Treatment of Anxiety

A

CBT
Exposure Therapy
Medication
Alternative Treatment

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12
Q

Desensitization Exposure Therapy for Anxiety

A

Combines relaxation with a gradual exposure to whatever provokes the anxiety

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13
Q

Flooding Exposure Therapy for Anxiety

A

Involves intense and prolonged exposure to the feared stimulus

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14
Q

Modeling Exposure Therapy for Anxiety

A

Involves the witnessing of another handle a feared stimulus without anxiety

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15
Q

Medication Treatment for Anxiety

A

SSRIs
SNRIs
Benzodiazepines
TCAs

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16
Q

SE of SSRIs

A

Insomnia
Weight gain
Sexual dysfunction

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17
Q

SE of SNRIs

A

Upset stomach
Sexual dysfunction
Increase in BP
Insomnia

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18
Q

SE of TCAs

A

HTN
Urinary retention
Constipation

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19
Q

Alternative Treatment for Anxiety

A 
Stress & relaxation techniques
Meditation
Yoga
Acupuncture
Kava: improves mood; OTC or herbal places
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20
Q

3 Categories of Anxiety

A

Anxiety Disorders
OCD
Trauma & stress-related disorders

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21
Q

Examples of Anxiety Disorders

A 
Separation anxiety disorder
Selective mutism
Specific phobia
Social phobia
Panic disorder
Agoraphobia
GAD
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22
Q

Examples of OCD

A 
OCD
Body dysmorphic disorder
Hoarding disorder
Trichotillomania: pull out & eat hair
Excoriation disorder
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23
Q

Examples of Trauma & Stressor-Related Disorders

A 
Reactive attachment disorder
Disinhibited social engagement disorder
PTSD
Acute stress disorder
Adjustment disorder
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24
Q

Define PTSD

A

Debilitating condition that can occur in people who have experienced or witnessed a natural disaster, serious accident, terrorist incident, sudden death of a loved one, war, violent personal assault such as rape, or other life-threatening events

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25
4 Types of Symptoms of PTSD
Re-experiencing symptoms Avoidance symptoms Hyperarousal symptoms Children
26
Re-experiencing Symptoms
Flashbacks Bad dreams Frightening thoughts
27
Avoidance Symptoms
Staying away from events, places, objects Feeling emotional numb Feeling strong guilt, depression, worry Losing interest in activities Having trouble remembering the dangerous event
28
Hyperarousal Symptoms
Being easily startled Feeling tense Difficulty sleeping Having angry outburst
29
Symptoms in Children
Bedwetting Forgetting how or being able to talk Acting out event during playtime Being unusually clingy
30
Clinical Presentation of PTSD
``` T: traumatic event R: re-experience A: avoidance U: unable to function M: month long or more duration of symptoms A: arousal is increased ```
31
Diagnosis of PTSD
Symptoms begin within 3 months and last more than a month | At least 1 re-experiencing symptoms, 3 avoidance symptoms, 2 hyperarousal symptoms
32
Treatment for PTSD
Psychotherapy | Medications
33
Psychotherapy for PTSD
CBT Exposure therapy Cognitive restructuring Stress inoculation training
34
Medications for PTSD
1st: SSRI, SNRI 2nd: TCA Benz's short term
35
Define Acute Stress Disorder
Minimum of 3 days & maximum of 4 weeks
36
Treatment of Acute Stress Disorder
CBT | Benzodiazepines: clonazepam
37
Define General Anxiety Disorder
Applies to people who are worried or anxious about almost everything Think things will always go bad The worrying causes impaired functioning
38
Epidemiology of General Anxiety Disorder
Average onset: 31 year old | Women > Men
39
Signs/Symptoms of General Anxiety Disorder
``` Can't relax Startle easily Have difficulty concentrating Trembling Irritability Sweating Fatigue Headaches Light headedness Hot flashes SOB ```
40
Diagnosis of General Anxiety Disorder
Worries excessive about a variety of everyday problems for at least 6 months GAD-7
41
Treatment of General Anxiety Disorder
1st: CBT, SSRI, SNRI 2nd: TCAs, Benzo's
42
Examples of SSRI for General Anxiety Disorder
Paroxetine Sertraline Citalopram
43
TCA for General Anxiety Disorder
Imipramine
44
Short Acting Benzodiazepines for General Anxiety Disorder
Alprazolam | Lorazepam
45
Long Acting Benzodiazepines for General Anxiety Disorder
Diazepam | Flurazepam
46
Define Panic Disorder
Sudden & repeated attacks of fear that last for several minutes
47
Define Panic Attacks
Characterized by a fear of disaster or of losing control even when there is no real danger
48
Epidemiology of Panic Disorder
Women > Men | Late adolescence or early adulthood
49
Signs/Symptoms of Panic Disorder
Sudden & repeated attacks of fear | Feeling being out of control during a panic attack
50
Signs/Symptoms During a Panic Attack
``` Pounding or racing heart Sweating Weakness or dizziness Hot/cold Chest pain Tingling/numb Abdominal pain ```
51
Diagnosis of Panic Disorder
Attacks occur any time Attack will peak in 10 minutes 1/3 of people become housebound
52
Treatment of Panic Disorder
CBT | Medication
53
Types of CBT for Panic Disorder
``` Education Self-monitoring Breathing retraining Muscle relaxation Cognitive restructing Exposure Relapse prevention ```
54
Medications for Panic Disorder
1st: SSRIs 2nd: another SSRI or SNRI 3rd: TCAs, Benzodiazepines
55
Examples of SSRIs for Panic Disorder
``` Fluoxetine Paroxetine Sertraline Fluvoxamine Citalopram Escitalopram ```
56
SNRI for Panic Disorder
Venlafaxine ER
57
Examples of TCAs for Panic Disorder
Imipramine | Clomipramine
58
Examples of Benzodiazepines for Panic Disorder
Alprazolam | Clonazepam
59
Define Agoraphobia
Person feels fear and often avoid places or situations that might cause you to panic and make you feel trapped, helpless or embarrassed
60
Epidemiology of Agoraphobia
Onset: Men
61
Risk of Developing Agoraphobia
Tendency to be nervous or anxious Experiencing stressful life events Having a blood relative with agoraphobia
62
Signs/Symptoms of Agoraphobia
Fear of leaving the house Dependence on others Fear of being alone Fear of being in places that would be difficult to escape Symptoms of a panic attack: helpless, anger, feel like body isn't real
63
Treatment of Agoraphobia
CBT: exposure therapy, service animals Medications: SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, benzodiazepines
64
Define Specific Phobia
Intense fear, anxiety, & avoidance of specific object or situation
65
Define Social Phobia
Intense fear, anxiety & avoidance of social situations where there is the potential of being scrutinized or negatively judge by others
66
5 Major Specific Phobias
Animal Natural environment: storms, heights Blood-injection-injury Situational: airplane, elevators, closed spaces Other: chocking, vomiting, clowns, costume characters (clowns)
67
Epidemiology of Specific Phobias
Females > Males Run in families Appear in adolescence or adulthood
68
Symptoms of Specific Phobia
Persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable Exposure provokes immediate anxiety response Fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual danger posed
69
Epidemiology of Social Phobias
Women = Men | Onset in childhood or early adolescence
70
Signs/Symptoms of Social Phobia
Anxious about being with other people Have hard time talking to other people Self-conscious & feel embarrassed Afraid other people with judge them
71
Treatment of Phobias
CBT | Medications
72
1st Line Treatment for Specific Phobias
CBT
73
1st Line Treatment for Social Phobia
Group & individual CBT
74
Medications for Specific Phobias
2nd: benzodiazepines 3rd: SSRI
75
Medications for Social Phobias
1st: SSRIs & SNRIs 2nd: benzodiazepines Performance: beta-blockers
76
Define Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Characterized by intrusive thoughts that produce uneasiness, apprehension, fear or worry (obsessions), repetitive behaviors aimed at reducing the associated anxiety (compulsions), or a combination of obsessions & compulsions
77
Epidemiology of Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder
Average onset: 19 | Men = Women
78
Define Obsessions
Recurrent & persistent thoughts, impulses, or images that cause distressing emotions such as anxiety or disgust
79
Define Compulsions
Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that the person feels driven to perform in response to an obsession
80
Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsion Disorder
1st: CBT, SSRI 2nd: TCAs 3rd: SNRI
81
Examples of SSRIs for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Fluoxetine Sertraline Paroxetine
82
TCA for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Clomipramine
83
SNRI for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Venlafaxine
84
Define Anxiety Disorder due to a Medical Condition
Fear & anxiety symptoms are the direct effect of a medical condition
85
Associated General Medical Conditions that Lead to Anxiety
``` Endocrine conditions (thyroid) CV conditions Respiratory conditions Metabolic conditions Neurological conditions ```
86
Treatment of Anxiety Disorder due to a Medical Condition
Treat the medical condition Short acting benzodiazepines SSRIs

Behavioral Health (25 decks)

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