AOS1 chapter 3 Flashcards
(30 cards)
Typical Behaviour
The behaviour of the majority of people in a population or behaviour that is consistent with the way an individual normally behaves
e.g. Waving your arms in the air and singing loudly at a music festival
Atypical Behaviour
Behaviour that is not like the behaviour of the majority of people in a population or is inconsistent with the way an individual normally behaves
e.g. Waving your arms in the air and singing loudly in the supermarket
Categorising behaviour as typical or atypical
Cultural perspectives
Social norms
Statistical rarity
Personal distress
Maladaptive behaviour
Cultural Perspectives
Most influential contexts in which behaviour is judged
Many behaviours can be explained when cultural context is considered
Social Norms
Major contributor to whether someone behaves in a typical (conforming) or atypical (nonconforming) way
But there is a difference between nonconforming in an unhealthy way, and expressing creativity and uniqueness
Statistical Rarity
Individual behaviour is often compared with the behaviour of others
If majority of people demonstrate this behaviour, it is considered normal
Personal Distress
Stress: physiological response to threat or challenge (can be healthy)
Distress: a negative psychological response to a stressor
Can result from a change in normal to abnormal behaviour – like increased levels of frustration, anger, and anxiety
E.g. having to talk at an assembly causing high distress, worry, nervousness
Maladaptive Behaviours
Maladaptive behaviours interfere with the ability to complete daily tasks and function in society – leading to social, emotional, and health problems
E.g. excessive alcohol consumption; refusing an invitation to avoid social interactions
normality
Normality: the state of having thoughts, feelings, and behaviours that are considered common and acceptable.
abnormality
Abnormality: the state of deviating from the norm,
Neurotypical
Those who think, feel, and behave in ways that most people do
Expected brain development and neurological connections
Neurodivergent
Those who think, feel, and behave differently from most others
Include people with specific neurodevelopmental diagnoses
Differences in brain development (structure and connection)
adaptive
Psychologists use the term adaptive to describe any behaviours, emotional responses or cognitive processes that enable us to adjust to our environment appropriately and cope most effectively.
e.g. studying for an upcoming assesment that is causing you stress
maladaptive
In contrast, the term maladaptive is used to describe emotions, behaviours and cognitions that interfere with our ability to adjust to our environment appropriately and effectively.
e.g. avoiding studying for a test that is causing you stress
Emotional Differences catorgories
Emotional Competence and Emotional Regulation
Emotional Competence
Recognising emotional states of others
Ability to express own emotions (through words and actions)
Emotional Regulation
Ability to apply procedures to control an emotion or set of emotions
Excessive and inappropriate expression of emotion comes from a diminished capacity to self-regulate
Behavioural Differences
Variations in behaviour always exist, but typical behaviour is often dictated by societal and cultural norms
Neurodivergent people may display atypical behaviours – does not always mean that those behaviours are maladaptive
E.g. stimming in people with autism
Cognition
Cognition: thought processes used to interpret experience and respond adaptively
Neurodiversity
Neurodiversity is the natural neurological difference that occurs between people’s nervous systems, particularly their brain, resulting in differences in learning, thinking and processing
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
A range – hence “spectrum”
Affects social interaction, communication, and behaviour
Difficulties in social interactions and adapting to different social context
Over- or under- sensitivity to lighting, sounds, tastes, smells, or touch
Specific interests, activities, routines
Attention to detail
Superior retention of facts
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Affects attention, impulse control and activity level
Inattentive
Hyperactive-Impulsive
Combined
Common Features:
Difficulty regulating emotions
Difficulty managing time
Problems with attention
Problems with hyperactivity
Problems with impulsivity
Hyperfocus
Mental wellbeing
Mental wellbeing is a state of emotional and social health where individuals realize their abilities, can cope with life’s stresses, work productively, and contribute to their community
what can lead to mental welbeing decline
Mental wellbeing can decline due to things like:
changes in life situation
poor physical health
increased stress and pressure
difficulties with psychological development
