AOS2: Cardiorespiratory system

Question 1

Respiratory system structure

Answer 1

nose and mouth
pharynx
trachea
lungs
bronchus
bronchiole
alveolus (alveoli)

Question 2

Inspiration

Answer 2

breathing in
contract diaphragm and intercostal muscles
lowers pressure in the lungs and sucks air in

Question 3

Expiration

Answer 3

breathing out
passive action (diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax)
action pushes air out

Question 4

function of blood

Answer 4

• transport of gasses, fuels and minerals
• maintain equilibrium (avoid fatigue)
• protect against dehydration (carries water)
• protection against infectious diseases (wbc fight infection, platelets clot blood)

Question 5

Transportation of gases

Answer 5

• rbc improve performance
• blood carries oxygen to working muscles via haemoglobin
• more rbc are better for aeorobic athlete (long distance)
• carries co2 back to lungs
• collects hydrogen ions (decrease acidity in muscles- burning feeling muscles after sprint)

Question 6

Maintain equilibrium

Answer 6

• blood component responsible- plasma
• thermoregulation
• protect from dehydration as plasma is 90% water
• transports electrolytes

Question 7

protect against infection

Answer 7

wbc fight infection by absorbing and digesting disease causing organisms
platelets help clot blood

Question 8

blood vessels

Answer 8

transport blood around the body

Question 9

artery

Answer 9

largest blood vessel that transports blood away from the heart

Question 10

arterioles

Answer 10

smaller arteries that transport blood away from arteries to capillaries

Question 11

vein

Answer 11

largest blood vessel that transports blood back to the heart from the venules

Question 12

venule

Answer 12

smaller vein that transports blood to the veins to carry blood back to the heart

Question 13

how blood flows in and out of the heart

Answer 13

• return blood from body - blood returns to the heart from the muscles via the vena cava directing the blood to the right atrium
• filling of the right atrium and right ventricle- when it fills with pressure it the causes the atrium to open and release it into the right ventricle
• right ventricle contraction - when fluid filled right ventricle contracts it pushes the blood out of the heart into the lungs through the pulmonary artery
• blood returning from the lungs- returns via pulmonary vein into the left atrium
• filling of the left atrium and ventricle - when left atrium fills with enough blood the pressure causes it to open and release the blood into the left ventricle
• left ventricle pumps blood into the body- when filled the left ventricle contracts and pushes the blood out of the heart around the body via the aorta

Question 14

Stages of the cardiac cycle

Answer 14

• Atrial distole- atria fills with blood returning from the body and lungs , systematic circuit- ven cava- right atria, pulmonary curcuit- pulmonary vein- left atria
• Ventrical distole- blood pushed into the ventricles
• Atrial systole- atria contracts and the blood left over is forced into the ventricle, ventricle pressure increases
• Ventricular systole- ventricals pump blood out through the left ventricle- aortic valve- aorta- systemic circulation
  -right ventricle- pulmonary valve- pulmonary artery- pulmonary circulation

Question 15

Tidal volume TV

Answer 15

amount of air inhaled and exhaled per breath

Question 16

minute ventilation VE

Answer 16

volume of air moving in and out of respiratory tract calculated by tv x respiration rate

Question 17

respiration rate

Answer 17

breaths per min