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1
Q

Absolute distance

A

measured in miles or kilos

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2
Q

relative distance

A

measured in time or money

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3
Q

absolute location

A

found by using exact location like addresses or longitude or latitude

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4
Q

site

A

exact location of a city

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5
Q

situation

A

relates to surrounding features, both human and man-made or natural

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6
Q

relocation diffusion

A

when ppl move from original location to another and bring their “new ideas” with them

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7
Q

expansive diffusion

A

when a trend is sprawled from its original place, outward

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8
Q

Choropleth map

A

show how data changes from place to place

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9
Q

distance decay

A

the effect on distance on cultural or spatial interaction

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10
Q

thematic map

A

single topic maps that focus on specific themes or phenomona

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11
Q

time-space-convergance

A

decline of travel time between similar locations

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12
Q

GIS (geographical information systems)

A

tech. advancements for collecting/ mapping data

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13
Q

Qualitative data

A

info collected by accounts and observations

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14
Q

Quantitative data

A

info measured by numbers

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15
Q

Unit 1, Important person: Ptolemy

A

record long/lat in degrees for roughly 8,000 locs

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16
Q

ETM (Epidemiological transition)

A

Based on cause of death to show population decline

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17
Q

Population density

A

the # of people given unit of space (3 types)

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18
Q

arithmetic density

A

divide the # of people by square miles (Aug)

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19
Q

carrying capacity

A

The maximum a population size ab environment can sustain based on conscription of humans

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20
Q

DTM (demographic Transition model)

A

Comparison of 5 stages, outlining shifts in the worlds population

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21
Q

Demography

A

Data population numbers (age, gender, birth/death rates)

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22
Q

population pyramid

A

Shows decline/increase in past/present & future

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23
Q

push factors

A

A negative reason that makes someone want to leave(political, government, war,gang violence etc)

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24
Q

Pull factor

A

positive cause to bring someone into place

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25
total fertility rate (tfr)
number of children per female during childbearing years (15-49)
26
unit 2, Important person: Thomas Malthus
theorized the population would grow but food shortage would lead to war
27
Syncretic
creation of a new culture through the combination of aspects of other cultures
28
ethnic cleansing
rid a country of a cultural group via forced migrants or death
29
acculturation
people of one culture adopt some traits from another while still retaining their own culture
30
cultural hearth
origins where a ciziliazation & culture began (EX. Roman)
31
cultural imperalisim
a form of influence on others via diffusion of pop culture
32
Diaspora
Refers to the movement of African or Jewish groups who migrated with their cultural traits
33
Ethnocentrisim
one's cultural better than another based on prefrence's
34
GII (Gender inequality index)
UN established a measurment
35
Stimulus diffusion
fundamental idea causes a new culture idea (adaption)
36
Possiblism
Humans find ways to use of land
37
important person, Unit 3: Carl Sauer
cultural & society shaped their landscape (early 1900s)
38
Balkanization
idea based on the seperation of ones state breaking smaller states
39
Centripetal force
forces that act on an object moving in a circular path
40
centrifugal force
forces or altitudes that tend to divide a state
41
Devolution
powerful nation is removed or falls apart and a sovereign state is created
42
European union
single currency, governs economic,social and security
43
UN
(united nations), Organization with 193 members that set to help environmental laws and justices
44
gerrymandering
redrawing of distant boundaries to benefit a single political party
45
Nation-state
a common group of people that claim a state
46
self determination
the people right to make descions
47
stateless nation
demanding separation with legitimate support but no independence
48
democratization
expanding ideology that promotes peoples representation via election
49
Domestication
deliberate effort to raise plants & animals for human use
50
Capital-intensive agriculture
large amounts of input to get as much product
51
Labor intensive agriculture
method of farming in which large amounts of labor investments
52
Subsistence agriculture
growing & raising of diverse crops & livestock for consumption
53
Mechanization
Machinery
54
Commodity chains
linked system of production levels (growth to distribution)
55
livestock ranching
own or manage large farm, esp for raising cattle, horses or sheep
56
Unit 5, Important person: Von Thunen
predicts human will use of land in relation to cost of land and the cost of transporting products to market
57
Unit 5, important person: Norman Borlaug
introduced new forms of agriculture to poor countries (post wwII)
58
Urbanization
population growth from farm to cities
59
suburbanization
popular shift from core cities into suburban areas
60
Squatter settlements
informal housing areas with overcrowding and poverty that lack proper infrastructure
61
primate cities
state that has one city that is much bigger that all other cities (unbalanced population)
62
gentrification
urban revitalization can work too well, causing neighborhoods to become too expensive
63
CBD
the commercial and business center of a city
64
central place theory
a CBD acts as a finical connection for an entire metrocity (s)
65
Unit 6, important person: Homer Hoyt
Sector model (wedge shape irregular slices from CBD)
66
Unit 6, important person: Ernest Burgess
Concentric zone model (cities grow outward in rings)
67
Globalization
The worlds economic are intergated & interconnected via industerlization
68
Sustainable development
an attempt at protecting society and the environments future generations
69
primary economic activities
agriculture, raw materials, ranching
70
Secondary economic activities
manufacturing, construction, texiles
71
Tertiary economic activites
basic services, and sales (ex, Restraunt)
72
Gross domestic product (GDP)
measure of goods & services IN a country
73
Gross national product (GNP)
measure of goods & services BY a country (foreign investments too)
74
Human development index (HDI)
development by human welfare standards (UN)
75
Industrialization
process of using machines to produce goods for economic gain
76
deindustrilization
when industrial facilities close and declare a regions economy because of closure
77
Least developed country
Afghanistan, Yemen
78
Industrial revolution
(1800s) new innovations & new materials
79
world cities
major urban centers that have significant influence on global economic,political & cultural activities
80
Unit 7, Important person: Walt Rostow
5 stages, 1: primary, 2: commercial agriculture, 3: Foreign investment leads to infrastructure problems, 4: commercial infrastructure, 5:more earned money = consumption
81
Unit 7, important person: immanuel wallerstine
questioned uneven wealth & blamed European expansion

AP geo (5 decks)

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