Unit 6

Question 1

6 important cities
(metropolitan Area)

Answer 1

Japan, Tokyo(37 mil)
India, Deli
Shanghai
Brazi, São paulo
Mexico, Mexico City
USA, New York City

Question 2

Global agriculture Hearth

Answer 2

Damascus (3000 BC),
Varanasi,
Athens,
Beijing,
Axum

Question 3

FEUDAL CITIES:

Answer 3

1000-1500- “Dark Ages” (no culture)

Question 4

COLONIAL CITIES

Answer 4

1500-1800s- imperial powers encountered unexplored cultural centers (Tenochtitlan) [Aztechs]

Question 5

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Answer 5

1800s- caused population growth from farm to cities (urbanization)
New jobs in factories & “better living conditions” [improper living conditions]

Question 6

GATEWAY CITIES:

Answer 6

1800s-1900s- port cities (harbors) [important for trade connection)
Ex, San Francisco

Question 7

URBAN AREA:

Answer 7

a densely populated city center and its surrounding suburbs [opposite: Rural]

Question 8

METROPOLITAN AREA

Answer 8

a city and the surrounding suburbs that are connected economically, culturally, politically, & socially (EX. Sacramento Metro Area) [?]

Question 9

URBAN SPRAWL

Answer 9

vast expansion of housing & commercial centers in ways that is often unplanned
Following WWII, American cities grew with the car

Question 10

EDGE CITY:

Answer 10

a community located on the outskirts of a larger city (accommodates people in the suburbs)

Question 11

Concentric zone model

Answer 11

cities grow outward in RINGS

Question 12

Sector Model;

Answer 12

wedge shaped irregular SLICES from CBD

Question 13

Multiple nuclei Model:

Answer 13

cities grow in NODES based on specialized industries, commonalities, concerns, and price

Question 14

Galactic zone model:

Answer 14

a CIRCULAR SYSTEM that builds upon urban sprawl & edge cities (thanks to roads and cars)

Question 15

Latin American City model

Answer 15

concentric-zone model, but with a SPINE (main boulevard) of key businesses (Limitation: goes beyond just adding a “spine” - much more complicated)

Question 16

African City Model:

Answer 16

cities typically have THREE CBDs A) Colonica rule, B) Traditional business C) Makeshift shops

Question 17

Southeast Asian city model:

Answer 17

cities built around a PORT zone and a market zone (no clear CBD)

Question 18

Squatter settlements:

Answer 18

informal (no building rules/regulations) housing areas with overcrowding and poverty that typically lack proper infrastructure [aka: shanty towns or slums]

Question 19

Urban planning

Answer 19

understanding how a city is laid out, how it functions, and best addresses the needs of human habits:

Question 20

Urban planners

Answer 20

collect lots of data to make future decisions

Question 21

Qualitative data:

Answer 21

interviews, focus groups & surveys

Question 22

Quantitative Data:

Answer 22

collected numbers (census or density)

Question 23

Zoning

Answer 23

certain land use laws determined by what city needs built (residential, commercial, mixed use)

Question 24

Infrastructure

Answer 24

Utilities (electricity, water, sewage)
Police & fire departments
Schools
Government buildings
Mass transportation (roads, trains, airports)

Question 25

Environmental justice:

Answer 25

“development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies”

Question 26

Mixed- Use Development (MUD

Answer 26

planned development designed to include multiple uses: “residential, retail, education, & office space”

Question 27

Walkability:

Answer 27

how safe, convenient, and efficient it is to walk in an urban environment (mUDs aim to promote more walkability)

Question 28

Transportation- oriented development (TOD):

Answer 28

mixed use communities centered around transit situations (metro & bus lines) Transit score Laguna: N/A vs SF: 82/100 (2025)

Question 29

New urbanism

Answer 29

limiting urban expansion while preserving nature (parks), olds buildings, community [sense of place?]

Question 30

Slow growth cities:

Answer 30

using zoning policies to slow the rate at which city is growing [who might be critics of this? - larger businesses]

Question 31

Urban growth boundary:

Answer 31

a border that defines the cities edge and limits where new development takes place

Question 32

Beaux Arts

Answer 32

European city planners brought in old & new ideas to beautify urban landscapes

Question 33

City beautiful movement

Answer 33

an attempt at implementing civic pride within American cities (EX: Washington D.C)

Question 34

Housing discrimination

Answer 34

landlords, neighbors, realtors, & banks aim to exclude certain races, religions, or classes

Question 35

De Facto segregation

Answer 35

: segregation based on social deals & contracts (NOT by gov. rules) {Ex: restrictive covenants}

Question 36

Blockbusting

Answer 36

real estate agents would stir up concern that MINORITIES were moving into a neighborhood

Question 37

White Flight

Answer 37

fleeing of people to the suburbs

Question 38

Ghettoization

Answer 38

as suburbs grew, inner city neighborhoods developed into ghetto (poor neighborhoods of one ethnic group)

Question 39

Inner city decay:

Answer 39

run down, dilapidated, & low property value

Question 40

Urban revitalization

Answer 40

inner city construction with shopping, entertainment, and a young- vive professional lifestyle (“work/play”)

Question 41

Gentrification:

Answer 41

urban revitalization can often times work too well, thus causing the neighborhood to become too expensive

Question 42

Kevnin Lynch: book-

Answer 42

“image of the city” (1960) - Mentality: paths, edges, distracts, nodes, and landmarks

Question 43

John R. Borchert: said in 1967 - American cities have gone through FOUR different periods(eras):

Answer 43

Wagons → Horses → trains → cars/planes (added #5, Internet)

Question 44

Traditional

Answer 44

a style of construction based on access to materials, understanding of a technique, and a type of climate

Question 45

Modern

Answer 45

a simple style with minimal forms

Question 46

Postmodern

Answer 46

starting in the 1960s; has a variety of structure types, design, and materials