AP geo

Question 1

Agriculture:

Answer 1

: cultivation of plants & animals for economic growth or survival going back 10k years (can be +/-)

Question 2

Domestication:

Answer 2

deliberate effort to raise plants & animals for human use (manipulation of breeding process)

Question 3

Subsistence agriculture:

Answer 3

growing & raising of diverse crops and livestock for consumption

Question 4

Commercial agriculture

Answer 4

: growing & raisin livestock to sell for profit

Question 5

Planned agricultural

Answer 5

associated within communist controlled states- gov decided on goods

Question 6

Bid-rent theory:

Answer 6

land prices & labor vary based on distance from cities

Question 7

Intensive AG:

Answer 7

large amounts of input to get as much product (resources, labor, land, capital)

Question 8

Extensive agriculture:

Answer 8

low input = less output (not putting much money into farming = not getting much $)

Question 9

Relocation Diffusion:

Answer 9

migration of people with their ideas

Question 10

Columbian exchange

Answer 10

the exchange of goods and ideas between the Americas, Europe andAfrica

Question 11

sedentary

Answer 11

staying in one place (non-nomadic)

Question 12

2nd ag revolution

Answer 12

early 1700s- started in the region around modern day Britain with more growth

Question 13

Industrial revolution.:

Answer 13

17-1800s- more workers, more innovations, demand for goods, better transportation

Question 14

3rd ag revolution

Answer 14

early 20th century (continues)- better machines & better fertilizers

Question 15

Green revolution:

Answer 15

American Norman Borlaug introduced new forms of ag. to poor countries (post-WWII)

Question 16

Vertical integration

Answer 16

a company controls multiple aspects of the business

Question 17

Horizontal integration:

Answer 17

several companies work together

Question 18

Subsides:

Answer 18

gov. Steps in to increase or decrease supply to help manipulate prices
Negative: mostly large farms get the subsides
U.S. pays out about 20 billion/year (taxes)

Question 19

fertile crescent

Answer 19

Southwest Asia, near Tigris and Euphrates river

Question 20

commodity chain

Answer 20

a linked system of production levels (growth to distribution)

Question 21

Mediterranean agriculture

Answer 21

an ideal climate for cultivation (warm summers & rainy winters)

Question 22

slash and burn ag.

Answer 22

taming by cleaning and farming by slashing crops and burning

Question 23

plantation

Answer 23

place that is planted or cultivated

Question 24

live stock

Answer 24

any cattle living or dead

Question 25

crop rotation

Answer 25

planting different crops sequence (on the same plot)

Question 26

land to improve

Answer 26

Soil health

Question 27

mono cropping

Answer 27

growing a single crop year after year on the same lawn.

Question 28

shifting cultivation

Answer 28

farming by clearing land for farming by slashing

Question 29

slash and burn

Answer 29

cutting and burning crops

Question 30

Pastoralism

Answer 30

animals released onto large vegetated outdoor lands (pastures) for grazing,

Question 31

Transhumance:

Answer 31

seasonal movement of livestock (herding) between mountains and lowland pastures

Question 32

Agricultural landscapes:

Answer 32

an ecosystem that has been modified for farming use (interaction of organisms

Question 33

Terracing:

Answer 33

carving parts of a hill or mountain side into level growing plots (Possibilism)

Question 34

Reservoirs

Answer 34

: artificial lakes built by damming rivers

Question 35

Desertification

Answer 35

soil degradation (destruction) to the point where it becomes “desert like” (No nutrients) (EX. American Dustbowl 1930s)

Question 36

Biotechnology

Answer 36

science of altering living organisms, often through genetic modification (to make better)

Question 37

Agricultural Biodiversity

Answer 37

variety of plants, animals and microorganisms

Question 38

Pesticides:

Answer 38

: man-made chemicals used to kill pests, weeds and fungi on crops (does not harm the plants)

Question 39

Organic agriculture

Answer 39

healthier forms of farming

Question 40

Food security

Answer 40

reliable access to safe nutrients food that can support a healthy and active lifestyle

Question 41

Food insecurity

Answer 41

disruption of a households food intake or eating patterns because of poor access to food

Question 42

Sustainability

Answer 42

policies a society ensures people of the future will have access to resources (food)

Question 43

Globalization

Answer 43

interconnected trade of commonalities (dependent upon others: imports/exports)

Question 44

Cash Crop

Answer 44

when a country depends on one good as their main export (single source of income)