AP Bio Chapter 7

Question 1

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 1

Converts solar energy into chemical energy of a carbohydrate, used for structure or fuel.

Question 2

What are autotrophs?

Answer 2

Organisms that produce their own food by converting inorganic to organic.

Question 3

What are heterotrophs?

Answer 3

Consumers that take in preformed organic molecules as building blocks and energy sources.

Question 4

What is the second product of photosynthesis?

Answer 4

Oxygen, which allows for aerobic respiration.

Question 5

What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

Answer 5

Solar energy, water, and CO2.

Question 6

How does water enter plants?

Answer 6

Through the roots.

Question 7

How does CO2 enter plants?

Answer 7

Through stomatal openings in leaves.

Question 8

What is the structure of chloroplasts?

Answer 8

Double membrane, stroma, thylakoid membranes, grana/granum.

Question 9

What is the role of the stroma in chloroplasts?

Answer 9

Semifluid interior where CO2 is fixed into carbohydrates.

Question 10

What is the function of thylakoid membranes?

Answer 10

Increased surface area for ATP/NADPH generation.

Question 11

What is the lumen?

Answer 11

The inside of the thylakoid.

Question 12

What is the role of stomata?

Answer 12

Open to let in carbon and release oxygen, close to prevent excessive evaporation.

Question 13

What is the overall reaction of photosynthesis?

Answer 13

Solar Energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2.

Question 14

What is the role of NADP/H in photosynthesis?

Answer 14

Carries atoms, reducing CO2 into glucose.

Question 15

What happens in the light-dependent reaction?

Answer 15

Water is split, producing NADPH, ATP, and oxygen.

Question 16

What is the Calvin Cycle?

Answer 16

Light-independent reaction that uses ATP and NADPH to reduce CO2 into glucose.

Question 17

What are the types of pigments involved in photosynthesis?

Answer 17

• Chlorophyll a and b
• Carotenoids.

Question 18

What is the absorption spectrum?

Answer 18

A graph showing percent of light absorbed at each wavelength by pigments.

Question 19

What occurs during the noncyclic electron flow?

Answer 19

• Water is split
• Electrons are excited
• NADPH is formed.

Question 20

What is chemiosmosis?

Answer 20

Process that generates ATP using an electrochemical gradient of hydrogen ions.

Question 21

What are the steps of the Calvin Cycle?

Answer 21

• Fixation of CO2
• Reduction of CO2
• Regeneration of RuBP.

Question 22

What is RuBP?

Answer 22

A five-carbon molecule that binds with CO2 in the Calvin Cycle.

Question 23

What is photorespiration?

Answer 23

Inefficient process that occurs when O2 competes with CO2 for RuBP.

Question 24

What are C4 plants?

Answer 24

Plants adapted to avoid photorespiration by spatial separation of reactions.

Question 25

What is CAM photosynthesis?

Answer 25

Adaptation where plants fix CO2 at night to minimize water loss.

Question 26

What conditions favor C4 plants?

Answer 26

High light intensities, high temperatures, and limited rainfall.

Question 27

What conditions favor C3 plants?

Answer 27

Colder conditions.

Question 28

What is the importance of photosynthesis?

Answer 28

Produces glucose and oxygen, essential for life.

Question 29

Fill in the blank: The light-dependent reactions occur in the _______.

Answer 29

thylakoid membranes.

Question 30

Fill in the blank: The Calvin Cycle occurs in the _______.

Answer 30

stroma.

Question 31

True or False: All eukaryotes have mitochondria.

Answer 31

True.

Question 32

True or False: C4 plants are more efficient in cold conditions.

Answer 32

False.