Ap biology cellular respiration and photosynthesis

Question 1

how is photosynthesis in chloroplast related

Answer 1

The products of photosynthesis ( the first energy conversion happens in the photosynthesis) helps start cellular respiration

Question 2

products of cellular respiration is

Answer 2

CO2 and H2O

Question 3

Products of photosynthesis

Answer 3

organic molecules and O2

Question 4

ATP powers most

Answer 4

cellular work and what is released becomes heat energy

Question 5

How many phases are there to cellular resperation

Answer 5

4

Question 6

what are the phases to cellular resperation

Answer 6

1. Glycolysis
   2.Bridge
2. Krebs cycle ( citric acid cycle)
3. Oxidative phsophorolysation

Question 7

glycolysis is

Answer 7

“sugar splitting” the process by which cells convert the energy in food into the energy of ATP

Question 8

What are the 3 main steps of Glycolysis

Answer 8

1.Investment phase
2. energy investment phase broken into 2 steps for making it easier for me personally
-“cleavage”
- energy harvest

Question 9

how many ATP is invested in glycolysis

Answer 9

2 ATP

Question 10

glycolysis happens in the

Answer 10

cytosol (in cytoplasm)

Question 11

does glycolysis need oxygen

Answer 11

no

Question 12

energy pay off in glycolysis

Answer 12

4 ATP

Question 13

In glycolysis electrons are added to NAD+ and reduces it to

Answer 13

NADH

Question 14

What is produced in glycolosis

Answer 14

2 net ATP
2 pyruvates
2 H2O ( is a waste product )
2 NADH

Question 15

the 2 NADH produced in Glycolysis is

Answer 15

Stored for later

Question 16

Glycolysis energy investment phase step 1

Answer 16

once glucose enters glycolysis it gets phosphorylated and turns into a 6c glucose

Question 17

Glycolysis energy investment phase step 2

Answer 17

with help from an enzyme the 6c glucose breaks down into 2, 3c glucose which is called G3P

Question 18

Glycolysis energy payoff phase step 1

Answer 18

G3P then is oxidized and transfer electrons and hydrogens to NAD+ which creates NADH

Question 19

Substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 19

when phosphate group of a substrate is transferred to the ADP to make ATP

Question 20

Glycolysis energy Payoff phase Step 2

Answer 20

another enzyme will then rearrange G3P to enable the molecule to power 2 substrate level phosphorylation to create ADP to ATP

Question 21

Glycolysis energy Payoff phase Step 3

Answer 21

this G3P will then become 2 pyruvates which has loads of energy that will be used for later

Question 22

phase 2 is

Answer 22

the bridge

Question 23

Bridge extremely simplified

Answer 23

“pyruvate oxidation”——-> formation of Acetyl Coa

Question 24

step 1 of the bridge

Answer 24

the pyruvates will be transported/diffused with the transport protein. the transport protein will move the pyruvates to the mitochondria (mitochondrial matrix ). there needs to be a presence of O2 for transportation (there will be o2 in the process but not directly to the bridge).

Question 25

step 2 of the bridge

Answer 25

the carboxyl group will be taken of the pyruvate and the co2 will be a waste product

Question 26

step 3 of the bridge

Answer 26

whats left of the pyruvate will be oxidized and the electrons will flow to the NAD+ and reduce it to NADH and which will be saved for later

Question 27

step 4 of the bridge

Answer 27

what is then left is a 2 carbon molecule which is called the acetyl group and an enzyme will attach to it called coenzyme a and the final product of the bridge and this reaction is Acetyl Coa

Question 28

how many acetyl Coa's do we end up with and why

Answer 28

1 pyruvate-1 acetyl Coa but there are 2 pyruvates so we will get 2 acetyl Coa

Question 29

aerobic

Answer 29

uses o2

Question 30

anarobic

Answer 30

no o2

Question 31

cellular respiration formula

Answer 31

C6H12O6+O2------>Co2+H2O+ATP

Question 32

net output of the bridge

Answer 32

For every 1 glucose( from glycolysis)------>2 co2,2NADH,2 acetyl coa

Question 33

how does both pyruvates go through the bridge

Answer 33

(from glycolysis) 6c splits 3c Pyruvates molecules. (the bridge) each of the 2 pyruvates go through the bridge (as 1 pyruvate goes through the bridge it will lose on Co2)

Question 34

Phase 3 of cellular respiration is

Answer 34

the krebs cycle ( citric acid cycle)

Question 35

The kreb cycle is in ____ and needs ______

Answer 35

the kreb cycle is in the mitochondria and needs oxygen

Question 36

1st step of the krebs cycle

Answer 36

Acetyl CoA is the product of the bridge and is the reactant of the krebs cycle. The Acetyl CoA goes into the citric acid cycle and 2 co2 comes out.

Question 37

2nd step of the krebs cycle

Answer 37

3 NAD+ is reduced to NADH

Question 38

3rd step of krebs cycle

Answer 38

ADP gets phosphorylated and becomes ATP and FAD gets reduced to FADH2

Question 39

What are the outputs For every 1 turn of the krebs cycle (or for every acetyl coA that goes into the cycle )

Answer 39

2 Co2 3 NADH 1 ATP (made by phosphate level phosphorylation) 1 FADH2

Question 40

Net output for 1 glucose (for 2 Acetyl CoA)

Answer 40

4 co2-----> waste 6 NADH (saved for later) 2 FADH (saved for later) 2 ATP ( Can be used right away for cellular work)

Question 41

Kreb happens in what part of the mitochondria

Answer 41

matrix

Question 42

Phase 4 of cellular resperation

Answer 42

-Oxidative phosphorylation -ETC (electric transport chain) -chemosmosis

Question 43

Where is the ETC

Answer 43

it is in the inner membrane of the mitochondria where a series of proteins are embedded in it

Question 44

what delivers the Electrons to the ETC

Answer 44

NADH and FADH2

Question 45

what happens in the ETC

Answer 45

electrons will bounce downhill and will release bits of energy (this is a series of exergonic reactions)

Question 46

what happens at the end of the ETC

Answer 46

there is a o2 at the end of the multi protein complex it is the final electron acceptor

Question 47

why is water made at the end of etc

Answer 47

with all the electrons in the o2 hydrogen is added to the o2 making water and the water is a waste product

Question 48

while the electrons are going downhill what is also happening

Answer 48

there is a gradient pumping protons out from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space (concentration gradient)

Question 49

what happens in ATP synthase

Answer 49

protons will flow through the enzyme ATP synthase which makes the membrane spin and catalyze the conversion of ADP to ATP. ATP synthase crates a lot of ATP

Question 50

ATP synthase creates

Answer 50

34 ATPS

Question 51

chemiosmosis

Answer 51

is ATP synthase

Question 52

Oxidative phosphorylation recycles what

Answer 52

FADH2----->FAD NADH----->NAD+

Question 53

Alcohol fermentation

Answer 53

when there isn't any o2 present only glycolysis occurs

Question 54

After glycolysis Alcohol fermentation

Answer 54

carboxyl group will be taken off of pyruvate and co2 will be released ACETALDEHYDE is created

Question 55

How is ethanol ( ethyl alcohol ) created (step 2 of alcohol fermentation)

Answer 55

2 electrons from 2 NADH and 2 hydrogen protons are added to acetaldehyde and the NADH recycled to 2 NAD+ and

Question 56

ethanol is a

Answer 56

waste product

Question 57

LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION

Answer 57

glycolysis the same the hydrogen and electrons from NADH is added to pyruvate to create lactate

Question 58

LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION happens in the

Answer 58

muscles this acid will burn because all the energy was used at once